Pregnancy + Older Adult Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
presumptive signs pregnancy
A
n/v
breast tenderness
cessation periods
inc fatigue around 3 months
2
Q
probable signs preg.
A
analyzed by provider- enlarged uterus
positive preg. test
3
Q
positive signs preg.
A
direct evidence fetus (feeling/ ultrasound)
fetal heart tones
4
Q
1st trimester
A
1-12 weeks
embryonic period
breast tingling/tenderness bc inc estrogen
n/v (50%)- can be affected by low blood sugar
slowed peristalsis
emotional factors
fatigue
5
Q
2nd trimester
A
dec blood pressure 8mm 12-27 weeks improved n/v fetal mvmnt 18 weeks inc breasts, colostrum heartburn , inc blood volume
6
Q
3rd trimester
A
28 weeks to delivery blood vol peaks (40-50%inc) bp rises to pre-preg lvls, SOB, inc pulse rate systolic heart murmur (90%) edema, varicosities, hemorrages lordosis (sway back)
7
Q
primigravida
A
1st preg
8
Q
primipara
A
1st birth
9
Q
multigravida
A
1+ preg
10
Q
multipara
A
1+ birth w/ viable offspring
11
Q
fetal tones present
A
9-12 weeks w/ doppler
12
Q
uterus palpable (fundus)
A
12 weeks
13
Q
engagement
A
2 wks before labor, baby drops into pelvis
14
Q
full term
A
37-42 wks
15
Q
gestation calculation- estimated due date
A
1st day LMP + 7 days and - 3 months
16
Q
HCG
A
human chorionic gonadotropin present after implantation
detected in urine
17
Q
conception
A
around 14 day of menstrual cycle
18
Q
norm preg weight gain
A
25-35lbs
28-40 if underweight
15-25 if overweight
25% fetus
11% placenta/fluid
19
Q
chloasma
A
in second trimester common in dark complected 50-70% inc melanocyte distribution bc sunlight exposure common in face or arms
20
Q
linea nigra
A
line from umbillicus to pubic symph
inc in darker women
inc melaocytes
may not fade after preg
21
Q
striae gravidarum
A
stretch marks w/ preg
22
Q
angiomas
A
sm, red spider like bursts on skin
from inc estrogen
23
Q
increase sebaceous gland secretion results in what
A
=acne
24
Q
hair and nail in preg
A
inc growth
25
ear/nose/ and mouth changes in preg
ear fullness
nasal stuffiness and epistaxis
gingival hypertrophy or bleeding
bc inc vascularity
26
thyroid in preg
may be palp
| smooth, non-t, no nodules
27
transverse diam- pregn
across/lateral inc by 2 cm
28
costal angle during pregnancy
can be greater than 90
29
breathing as pregnancy progresses
thoracic - chest based instead belly
| SOB
30
CO and blood vol in preg
inc co
| blood vol inc 40-50%
31
HR and BP in preg
hr- inc 10-15bpm
bp- norm in 1st+ 3rd semesters, drops 5-10mmHg in 2nd
bp should not be higher than pre-preg 130/80
32
murmurs in preg and ortho hypotension
95% common
common bc compression on vena cava
lay on side and stand up slowly
33
breast changes
inc size, tender, inc sensitivity, inc nipple erectility
hypertrophy Montgomery's tubercles (secrete lubricant w/ lactation, dots around areola)
areola darker and bigger
blood v more visible
34
colostrum
around week 16
| discharge norm
35
taste and smell preg
heightened
36
diastasis rectus abdominus
common in preg
not true hernia
midline ridge
37
fundus palpable at
12 weeks
38
fetal outline determined at
30 weeks
| feel through abdomen
39
Fetal heart tones
9-12 weeks w/ doppler
20 weeks w/ stethoscope (bell)
120-160 norm
40
weeks of gestation in relation to cm in size
should be equal
| measure pubic symph over belly and to top fundus
41
involution of uterus
after delivery 10 days- 2 weeks should shrink to pre-preg size
42
chadwick's sign
cervix blue color- norm
| after delivery cervix opening less round and tight
43
vaginal discharge preg
thin, white
| abnorm= thick, purulent, foul smelling
44
urinary freq in preg r/t
inc renal output/perfusion and mechan pressure
45
lordosis
sway back
| inward curvature
46
musculoskel changes preg
low back pain, leg cramps, numbness/tingling hands
47
deep tendon reflexes preg
should be norm
48
integument changes- older adult
```
dec elasticity, thin
dec melanocytes (gray hair and dev terminal hair)
thick, brittle nails
skin tag
delayed wound healing
dec temp reg
```
49
lentigines
macules
areas exposed to skin
big freckles
50
seborrheic keratosis
fair- brown in color
| small points raised skin bc exposure to sun
51
lymph nodes- elderly
dec w/ age. usually not palpable
52
thyroid-elderly
non-palp
53
cataracts
common, cloudy vision
54
eye changes elderly
dec near vision bc lens hardening- presbyopia
| dry eyes
55
enophthalmos
sunken eyes bc loss of fat
56
arcus senilis
white ring lipid deposits outer edge cornea
57
entropion
inward eyelid
58
ectropion
outward eyelid
59
zanthelsma
lipid deposition on external eyes
can be familial
or indicate in lipid levels in blood
60
pupillary size elderly
dec, w/ dec accom
| need bright light to see
61
fundoscopic changes- elderly
more pale
62
glaucoma
dec peripheral vision not norm
bc inc intraocular P
nerve degneration
63
presbycusis
```
age-related nerve degen
dec sensorineural hearing (inner ear CN 8)
age 65 40% loss
age 85 80% loss
lose high freq tones
```
64
otosclerosis
middle ear hearing loss
| dec vibration
65
tinnitus
ringing bc damage cochlear hair cells
66
otoscopic changes- elderly
tympanic more dull
light reflex same
5 oclock- R
7 oclock- L
67
nose changes elderly
dec smell
inc nasal hair (terminal)
elongated nose bc dec fat and dec elasticity
68
mouth changes elderly
dec taste and dec papillae on tongue
inc risk tooth decay bc dec salivation
mucosa dry and pale
69
kyphosis
stooped/bent forward posture
| thoracic spine curved
70
respiratory changes elderly
```
dec excursion (expansion chest)
breath sounds quiet and dec bc stiff lung tissue
```
71
cardiovascular changes elderly
```
inc Peripheral vasc. dis (venous and arterial)
dec pedal pulses 1+ v 2+
stiff arteries
slight inc systolic bp and wider pulse p
inc risk ortho. hypotension
varicosities
```
72
bowl sounds elderly
dec and quieter
73
organ and abdom musculature- elderly
organs easier palp
| musculature soft
74
dysphagia and dypepsia
dysphagia not norm
| dyspepsia- heart burn common
75
female reprod changes elderly
```
breast more pendulum bc dec elasticity
dec pubic hair, size external genitalia
pale vaginal walls
dec lubrication
uterus and ovaries dec
```
76
male reprod changes elderly
```
possible gynecomastia
dec pubic hair
dec scrotum and penis
testes hang lower
enlarged prostate id w/ diff urinating
```
77
musculoskeletal changes elderly
Rom dec
gait changes
dec muscle strength
dec agility
78
get up and go test
stand and walk ten feet
| should take about 10 sec
79
benefits exercise elderly
```
inc Cardiovascfunction, posture, balance, flexibi, strenght, ROM
dec falls
dec depression
helps w/ cog. and memory
maximizes independance
```
80
neuro changes elderly
```
mem may dec
slower response time
relfex can dec but should be equal
dec vibratory sensation (check feet)
Romberg should be neg but can have more swaying
```
81
febrile response, weight and acute infection response in elderly
dec systemic/lymphatic response
inc weight r/t dec BMR
dec febrile response (fever)
