PRELIM

Question 1

The process which we express, interpret, and coordinate
messages with others.

Answer 1

COMMUNICATION

Question 2

Can be in the form of verbal utterances, nonverbal
behaviors, and visual images used to convey thoughts and
feelings.

Answer 2

MESSAGES

Question 3

• Messages are created through encoding.
• The process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words
and nonverbal behaviors.

Answer 3

ENCODING

Question 4

• The process of the receiver interpreting the message.

Answer 4

DECODING

Question 5

The response to the message that indicates how the initial
message was interpreted.

Answer 5

FEEDBACK

Question 6

The actions or behavioral adjustments each participant
makes in an attempt to create shared meaning.

Answer 6

INTERACTION COORDINATION

Question 7

Route traveled by the message and the means of
transportation.

Answer 7

CHANNELS

Question 8

A technological channel which has Textual images that symbolize the sender’s mood,
emotion or facial expression.

Answer 8

emoticons

Question 9

technological channels which has Abbreviations that stand in for common phrases.

Answer 9

acronyms

Question 10

• Also known as Noise.
• Shouldn’t be a part of communication but is always present.

Answer 10

interference

Question 11

External sight or sound.

Answer 11

physical noise

Question 12

• Also known as Mental Noise.
• Refers to thoughts and feelings we experience.
• Harder to control.

Answer 12

psychological noise

Question 13

• Misunderstandings about the meaning of words.

Answer 13

semantic noise

Question 14

• Concerned with one’s ability to see and hear, their health, or
  any other physiological issues that can interfere.

Answer 14

physiological noise

Question 15

• Communication continues and does not stop with
speaking.
• Even silence communicates if another person infers
meaning from it.

Answer 15

continuous

Question 16

• Once an exchange takes place, one cannot go back and
erase the communication because the message has been
communicated.

Answer 16

irreversible

Question 17

• Communication is situated and guided by cultural norms.
• A specific setting that affects how the messages are
produced, interpreted, and coordinated

Answer 17

situated

Question 18

• Communication is a measure of the status or
emotional temperature of our relationships.

Answer 18

indexical

Question 19

is an actual text of what to say and do in a specific
situation

Answer 19

script

Question 20

a “mental library” of scripts to create
messages based on what worked in the past.

Answer 20

canned plan

Question 21

Formed carefully and thoughtfully when the scripts are
inadequate for the situation.

Answer 21

constructed messages

Question 22

communication context that
Includes the location, environmental conditions
(temperature, lighting, noise level) and the proximity of the
participants to each other.
• It may also be virtual.
o Being there for another person virtually is
called social presence.

Answer 22

physical

Question 23

A communiction context that
• The nature of the relationship that exists between participants.
• The better the participants know each other and the better the relationship they have, the more likely they can accurately interpret their messages.

Answer 23

social

Question 24

A communication context in which The background provided by previous communication
between participants.

Answer 24

historical

Question 25

The moods and feelings each person brings to the conversation.

Answer 25

Psychological

Question 26

Communication context The beliefs, values, orientation, underlying assumptions, and rituals that belong to a specific culture.

Answer 26

cultural

Question 27

• The process of selectively attending and assigning meaning to information. • Perception works by our brain selecting some of the information it receives from the senses or sensory stimuli, organizing it before interpreting it.

Answer 27

perception

Question 28

• The overall view we have of ourselves which includes self-concept and self-esteem.

Answer 28

self-perception

Question 29

• The perception we have about our skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality. • Our personal experiences are critical to forming our self-concept.

Answer 29

self-concept

Question 30

• The positive or negative evaluation we attach to our competencies and personality traits.

Answer 30

self-esteem

Question 31

play an important role in shaping self-concept and self-esteem.

Answer 31

cultural norms

Question 32

• Also known as intrapersonal communication. • It is the internal conversation we have with ourselves in our thoughts.

Answer 32

self-talk

Question 33

• Is a phenomenon presenting different aspects of our self-concept based on the situation and people involved.

Answer 33

self-construction of self

Question 34

• It is the internal process of being aware how we are coming across to others and adjusting our behavior accordingly. • Involves being sensitive to other people’s feedback and using it to determine how to respond back.

Answer 34

self-monitoring

Question 35

• A communication theory that explains how individuals monitor their social environment in order to know more about themselves and others. • When we reduce uncertainty, we become more comfortable in communicating.

Answer 35

uncertainty reduction

Question 36

- The first thing we notice. - We assess how attractive, likable, competent, and aggressive we think people are after looking for only 100milliseconds.

Answer 36

physical appearance

Question 37

- Our tendency to form impressions based on assumptions made about another’s personality

Answer 37

implicit personality theory

Question 38

- Formed impressions by thinking that others who share one characteristic with us also share others until we get information that contradicts this assumption.

Answer 38

Assumed Similarity

Question 39

• A group comprises a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from the dominant culture. • Co-cultural groups interact with the dominant culture through assimilation, accommodation, or separation.

Answer 39

co-culture

Question 40

The study of how the perception of time differs among cultures.

Answer 40

chronemics

Question 41

– views time as a series of small units that occur sequentially. ▪ Punctuality is highly valued. Uninterrupted task completion, meeting deadlines and doing things one at a time.

Answer 41

monochronic culture

Question 42

view time as a continuous flow. Time is fluid or flexible. ▪ Interruptions are not perceived as annoying but as natural occurrences.

Answer 42

polychronic cultures

Question 43

– speaker’s message is understood from context. ▪ Meaning is conveyed indirectly and interpreted by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors. ▪ Verbal messages are ambiguous and understood by “reading between the lines”.

Answer 43

high-context culture

Question 44

– Unequal distribution of power is accepted.

Answer 44

high power distance

Question 45

– Prefer power to be equally distributed.

Answer 45

low power distance

Question 46

– tolerates uncertainty and is less driven to control unpredictable people, relationships, or events.

Answer 46

Low Uncertainty-avoidance Culture

Question 47

– low tolerance for uncertainty and have a high need to control unpredictable people, relationships, or events.

Answer 47

High Uncertainty-avoidance Cultures

Question 48

– values rewards in the here and now and wants quick results, fulfilling social obligations, and getting to the bottom line efficiently.

Answer 48

Short-term Orientation

Question 49

– slow and steady perseverance towards achieving a mutually acceptable result.

Answer 49

Long-term Orientation

Question 50

_____ is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences

Answer 50

syntax

Question 51

is the correct use of words; rules and examples on how language is supposed to be used

Answer 51

grammar

Question 52

§ Is derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences.

Answer 52

Semantic Meaning

Question 53

§ Is the explicit meaning found in the dictionary of a language community.

Answer 53

Denotation Meaning

Question 54

§ Is the implicit additional meaning we associate with a word.

Answer 54

Connotation Meaning

Question 55

is the use of tongue, palate, teeth, jaw movement, and lips to shape vocalized sounds that combine and produce words.

Answer 55

Articulation

Question 56

_____ problems include adding an extra sound (athalete), leaving out a sound (library for library), transposing sounds (revalent for relevant) and distorting sounds (troof for truth).

Answer 56

Pronunciation

Question 57

_____is the inflection, tone, and speech habits typical of a native speaker

Answer 57

Accent

Question 58

is achieved by changing your pitch, volume, and rate, stressing some words, and using pauses strategically

Answer 58

Vocal expression

Question 59

________voice is lull and may diminish the chances of audience to understand your point

Answer 59

Monotonous voice

Question 60

Pauses can mark important ideas by strategically putting moments of silence.

Answer 60

Pauses

Question 61

- Cues we send with our body, voice, space, time, and appearance to support, modify, contradict, or even replace a verbal message.

Answer 61

non-verbal messages