Prelim | L1: Mastery of Respiratory System Anatomy with Radiologic Correlation

Question 1

The respiratory system shares the responsibility of (1) and (2) (Gas exchange)

Answer 1

1. supplying the body with oxygen
2. eliminating CO2

Question 2

MAJOR ORGANS AND STRUCTURES

Answer 2

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 3

ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

Answer 3

Diaphragm
Sinuses

Question 4

The respiratory system is classified according to:

Answer 4

• Structure
• Function

Question 5

Subdivisions of the Structural division

Answer 5

• Upper Respiratory System
  Main: Nose, Pharynx
  Subparts: Others
• Lower Respiratory System
  Main: Larynx
  Accessory: Diaphragm

Question 6

Subdivisions of the Functional division

Answer 6

• Conducting Zone
• Respiratory Zone

Question 7

Filter, warms, moistens air

Answer 7

Conducting zone

Question 8

The conducting zone is the entry point to the —

Answer 8

alveoli

Question 9

Structures involved with gas exchange

Answer 9

Respiratory Zone

Question 10

Entry point of air into respiratory system

Answer 10

External Nares

Question 11

Start and end point of the internal nares

Answer 11

From nasal cavity to pharynx

Question 12

Common passageway for air and food

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the nasopharynx

Answer 13

Posterior to nasal cavity
Nasal cavity → soft palate

Question 14

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the oropharynx

Answer 14

Posterior to the oral cavity
Soft palate → level of hyoid bone

Question 15

Location (found) and area (extends to and from) of the laryngopharynx

Answer 15

Inferior division of the pharynx
Level of the hyoid bone → Larynx opening

Question 16

Separates nasal and oral cavity

Answer 16

Palate

Question 17

Most posterior part of the palate

Answer 17

Soft palate

Question 18

Prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx

Answer 18

Epiglottis

Question 19

The hyoid bone functions as an attachment point for muscles of the (1), (2), and (3)

Answer 19

1. tongue
2. neck
3. pharynx

Question 20

Conducting passageway for air

Answer 20

Trachea/ windpipe

Question 21

Double-layered membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

Answer 21

PLEURA/ PLEURAL MEMBRANE

Question 22

In between the layers of the pleura are spaces called (1) which contains (2)

Answer 22

1. pleural cavity
2. pleural fluid

Question 23

Layers of the pleural membrane/ pleura

Answer 23

• Parietal pleura
• Visceral pleura

Question 24

Superficial layer of the pleural membrana/ pleura

Answer 24

Parietal pleura

Question 25

Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

Answer 25

Parietal pleura

Question 26

Covers surface of the lung

Answer 26

Visceral pleura

Question 27

Muscular structure that aids in breathing and respiration

Answer 27

Diaphragm

Question 28

Site of gas exchange

Answer 28

Alveoli

Question 29

Extends from the larynx to the main bronchi

Answer 29

Trachea/ windpipe

Question 30

It is composed of C-shaped rings of cartilage and smooth muscle

Answer 30

Trachea (windpipe)

Question 31

Why are lower respiratory systems called the bronchial tree?

Answer 31

Structures appear as an invertred tree

Question 32

Where the trachea divides/ separates into main bronchi

Answer 32

Carina

Question 33

Differentiate the bronchi sides

Answer 33

Right bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical in orientation compared to the left

Question 34

Appearance of bones in radiographs

Answer 34

White/ very bright (Radiopaque)

Question 35

Appearance of air in radiographs

Answer 35

Dark/ black (Radiolucent)

Question 36

Appearance of soft tissue structures in radiographs

Answer 36

Different shades of gray

Question 37

Appearance of fluids in radiographs

Answer 37

Off-white/ Grayish

Question 38

What should appear sharp in a normal CXR?

Answer 38

- Border of the heart - Border of the diaphragm - Angle of the lungs

Question 39

Describe the apex of the lungs

Answer 39

Narrow superior part of the lungs

Question 40

Describe the base of the lungs

Answer 40

Broad, inferior part of the lungs

Question 41

Which has a darker appearance on radiographs? The trachea or vertebrae?

Answer 41

Trachea

Question 42

Largest artery in the body

Answer 42

Aorta

Question 43

Region found in the medial aspect of the lungs where blood (vessels?) or other structures exit or enter

Answer 43

Hilum

Question 44

Describe why the diaphragm of the right and left differ

Answer 44

The diaphragm of the right lung is higher because of the presence of the liver

Question 45

Describe why the lungs differ in size

Answer 45

The left lung is smaller because of the presence of the heart

Question 46

Hump/convex structure of the heart seen on the radiograph

Answer 46

Aortic knob/ notch

Question 47

Describe the anterior and posterior rib when seen on a radiograph

Answer 47

ANTERIOR RIB: Pataas POSTERIOR RIB: Pababa

Question 48

Collapse of the lungs where no air is entering that side of the lungs anymore

Answer 48

Atelectasis

Question 49

- Infection of the lungs commonly seen on the base of the lungs - Borders are filled with fluid or pus instead of air

Answer 49

Pneumonia

Question 50

Excessive abnormal collection/ amount of fluid in the pleural cavity

Answer 50

Pleural effusion

Question 51

Term referring to a black or dark appearance on ultrasounds

Answer 51

Anechoic

Question 52

Infection of the lungs usually seen in the apex of the lungs

Answer 52

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)

Question 53

Spread of cancer cells

Answer 53

Metastases

Question 54

Cotton ball appearance spread throughout the lung’s entirety

Answer 54

Pulmonary metastases

Question 55

Where is the liver found?

Answer 55

Below the right diaphragm

Question 56

Where is the diaphragm found?

Answer 56

Basement of the lung

Question 57

Determines the volume of pleural effusion

Answer 57

Ultrasound