Prelim PostLab Flashcards by Marah Joy M. FLORES

any agent which may cause any serious body injury, disease or death when applied, introduced into, or developed within the body.

Contaminants
Pesticides
Poison
Chemicals

Poison

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Chemically causes local destruction of tissues upon contact.

Corrosive
True
Cumulative

Corrosive

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Still poisonous no matter how highly diluted

Corrosive
True
Cumulative

True

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Example of Inorganic poisons:

Volatile
Non-volatile
Mineral acid
Mineral alkali

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Suddenly increases in intensity of action after gradual addition

Corrosive
True
Cumulative

Cumulative

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Examples of Inorganic Poisons:

Volatile
Non-volatile
Mineral acid
Mineral alkali

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Examples of Organic Poisons:

Volatile
Alkaloids
Animal poison
Bacterial
Organic poison
Glycoside

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Highly irritant that produces local destruction of tissues, and characterized by N/V and great local distress

Corrosives
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Asphyxiants
Lacrimators

Corrosives

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stimulate growth of cancer cells

Asphyxiants
Lacrimators
Corrosives
Neurotics
Carcinogenics

Carcinogenics

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act chiefly on the CNS

Lacrimators
Corrosives
Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics

Neurotics

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gases that cause hypoxia

Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Lacrimators
Corrosives

Asphyxiants

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stimulates tears

Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Lacrimators
Corrosives

Lacrimators

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produces irritation or inflammation of the mucus membrane and characterized by vomiting & abdominal pain.

Irritants

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Causes sneezing

Sternutators
Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic

Sternutators

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muscle weakness

Sternutators
Asthenics or Exhaustives
Narcotics
Tetanics

Asthenics or Exhaustives

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mental weakness/depression

Sternutators
Asthenics or Exhaustives
Narcotics
Tetanics

Narcotics

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spasmodic and continuous muscle contraction

Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative

Tetanics

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pain insensitivity

Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative

Anesthetic

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retard or depress the physiological action of an organ:

Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative
Narcotics

Depressant or Sedative

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provoke an immune response

Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Inflammatory Effects

Sensitization

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fetal damage

Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Inflammatory Effects

Teratogenesis

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Inherited by DNA damage

Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Organ damage

Mutagenesis

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Required to be provided by chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers for hazardous chemicals.

Material Safety Data Sheet

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Section 1 Identification: identifies the chemicals on the SDS and recommended uses. It also provides contact information for the supplier. Information required in this section includes:

The product identifier used on the label and any common names or synonyms which the substance is known.
Name, address, phone number of manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party, and emergency phone number.
Recommended use of the chemical (such as a brief description of what it does) and any restrictions on use.

T/F

TRUE

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Section 3 Composition/information on ingredients: identifies the hazards of the chemical and the appropriate warning information associated with the hazards. Information required in this section includes: * The hazard classification of the chemical. * Signal word. * Hazard statement(s). * Pictograms. * Precautionary statement(s). * Description of any hazard not otherwise classified. * For a mixture that contains an ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity, a statement describing how much (percentage) of the mixture consists of ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity. Note that this is a total percentage of the mixture and not tied to the individual ingredient(s). T/F

FALSE - Section 2 Hazard(s) Identification

Section 5 Fire-Fighting Measures: identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product identified on the SDS including impurities and stabilizers. This section includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. Information required in this section includes: Substances * Chemical name. * Common name and/or synonyms. * Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers. * Impurities and stabilizing additives, which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the chemical. Mixtures * Same information as required for substances. * The chemical name and concentration * Present above their cut-off/concentration limit, or * Present a health risk below the cut-off/concentration limit. * A trade secret, * There is batch-to-batch variation, or * The SDS is used for a group of substantially similar mixtures. Chemicals where a trade secret is claimed * A statement that the specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret is required. T/F

FALSE - Section 3 Composition/Information on Ingredients

Section 4 FIrst-Aid Measures: describes initial care that should be provided by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical. Information required in this section includes: * Necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion). * Description of the most important symptoms or effects, and any symptoms tha are acute or delayed. * Recommendations for immediate medical care and special treatment needs when necessary. T/F

TRUE

Section 5 Fire-Fighting Measures: provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical. Information required in this section includes: * Recommendations of suitable extinguishing equipment, and information about extinguishing equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation. * Advice on specific hazards that develop from the chemical during a fire, such as any hazardous byproducts created when the chemical burns. * Recommendations of special protective equipment or precautions for firefighters. T/F

TRUE

Section 6 Accidental Release Measures: provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and clean up practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties, and/or the environment. It may also include recommendations distinguishing between responses for large and small spills where the spill volume has a significant impact on the hazard. Information required in this section includes: * Use of personal precautions * Emergency procedures * Methods and materials used for containment (e.g., cover drains and capping procedures). * Clean up procedures (e.g., appropriate neutralization techniques, decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming, adsorbent materials, and/or equipment required for containment/clean up). T/F

TRUE

Section 8 Exposure Control/Personal Protection: provides guidance on safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage. Information required in this section includes: * Precautions for safe handling, including recommendations for handling incompatible chemicals, minimizing release into the environment, and providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating, drinking, and smoking in work areas prohibited). * Recommendations on the conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities. Provide advice on specific storage requirements (e.g., ventilation). T/F

FALSE - Section 7 Handling and Storage

Section 7 Handling and Storage: indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize exposures. T/F

FALSE - Section 8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Section 9 Physical and Chemical Properties: identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture. The minimum required information required in this section includes: * Appearance (physical state, color, etc.), Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Melting/freezing point, Initial boiling point and boiling range, Flash point, Evaporation Rate, Flammability (solid, gas), Upper/lower flammability/explosive limits, Vapor pressure, Vapor density, Relative density, Solubility(ies), Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water, Auto-ignition temperature, Decomposition temperature, Viscosity T/F

TRUE

Section 10 Stability and Reactivity: describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and chemical stability. This section is divided into three sections; reactivity, chemical stability, and other. T/F

TRUE

Section 11 Ecological Information: provides toxicological and health effects information or indicates that such data are not available T/F

FALSE - Section 11 Toxicological Information

Section 12 Ecological Information: provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. Information in this section may include: T/F

TRUE

Section 13 Disposal Considerations: provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or reclamation of the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices. To minimize exposure this section should also refer the reader to Section 8, Exposure Controls/Personal Protection. Information in this section may include: * Description of appropriate disposal containers to use. * Recommendations of appropriate disposal methods to employ. * Description of the physical and chemical properties that may affect disposal activities. * Language discouraging sewage disposal. * Any special precautions for landfills of incineration activities.

TRUE

Section 14 Transport Information: provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea. T/F

TRUE

Section 15 Regulatory Information: identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that is not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. Information in this section may include: * Any national and/or regional regulatory information of the chemical or mixtures (including any OSHA, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, or Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations). T/F

TRUE

Section 16 Other Information: indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known revision was made. The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to the previous version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an explanation of the changes. Other useful information may also be included in Section 16. T/F

TRUE

a clinical toxicity secondary to accidental exposure

Poisoning

prompt and there is marked disturbances of function or death within a short period of time. Acute Chronic Cumulative

Acute

suddenly increases in its intensity of action when a certain limit is reached Acute Chronic Cumulative

Cumulative

gradual and there is progressive deterioration of the functioning of tissues Acute Chronic Cumulative

Chronic

The poison was taken w/o intention to cause death ACCIDENTAL SUICIDAL HOMICIDAL UNDETERMINED

ACCIDENTAL

The history is hazy as to how the poison was obtained and why it was administered ACCIDENTAL SUICIDAL HOMICIDAL UNDETERMINED

UNDETERMINED

was taken by the victim voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life ACCIDENTAL SUICIDAL HOMICIDAL UNDETERMINED

SUICIDAL

the poison was given willfully and e/ intent to cause death to the victim ACCIDENTAL SUICIDAL HOMICIDAL UNDETERMINED

HOMICIDAL

deduced from various events or facts Circumstantial or Moral Symptomatic Chemical Post mortem or Autopsy Experimental

Circumstantial or Moral

administering the suspected substance to a living animal and noting the effect or symptoms Circumstantial or Moral Symptomatic Chemical Post mortem or Autopsy Experimental

Experimental

Poisoning signs & symptoms are observed; inconclusive Circumstantial or Moral Symptomatic Chemical Post mortem or Autopsy Experimental

Symptomatic

gathered from an examination of tissues and organs after death Circumstantial or Moral Symptomatic Chemical Post mortem or Autopsy Experimental

Post mortem or Autopsy

detection of suspected substances via chemical analysis of samples of body fluids collected; not reliable as the poison may have decomposed or exchanged. Circumstantial or Moral Symptomatic Chemical Post mortem or Autopsy Experimental

Chemical

T/F Effects produced by a compound in laboratory animals, when properly qualified, are inapplicable to humans

FALSE

T/F Exposure of experimental animals to toxic agents in high doses is a necessary and valid method of discovering possible hazards in humans because the incidence of an effect in a population in greater as the dose oxposure increases.

TRUE

first toxicity test performed on a new chemical Acute Toxicity testing Chronic Toxicity testing Cumulative toxicity testing

Acute Toxicity testing

this is essential for characterizing the toxic effects of chemicals and their hazards to humans

Acute lethality studies

repeated administration typically for 14 days

subacute (Repeated-dose Study)

repeated administration typically for 6 mos. to 2 yrs.

Chronic

repeated administration typically for 90 days

Subchronic

a unique forum where the governments of 37 democracies with market-based economies collaborate to develop policy standards to promote sustainable economic growth.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

unique tool for assessing the potential effects of chemicals on health and the environment

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals

OECD Section 1:

Physical-Chemical properties

OECD Section 2:

Effects on Biotic Systems

OECD Section 4:

Health Effects

OECD Section 3:

Environmental fate and behavior

OECD Section 5:

Other Test Guidelines

transforming the percentage killed into a probability unit (probit). Probit Analysis CAM Assay Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

Probit Analysis

used for the exposure concentration of a toxic substance lethal to half of the test animals.

LC50

the dose of a test substance that is lethal for 50% of the animals in a dose group.

median lethal dose (or LD50)

a robust technique that can be used to monitor invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines and to assess the role of novel molecules and potential therapeutic targets Probit Analysis CAM Assay Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

CAM Assay - Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

simple, low cost, high throughput cytotoxicity test of bioactive chemicals, based on killing ability of test compound on *Artemia salina* Probit Analysis CAM Assay Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

Brine Shrimp Assay

evaluation of toxicity on human skin conducted w/ albino rabbits CAM Assay Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test

directly inject test substance into conjunctival sac of albino rabbit CAM Assay Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

Draize Eye Irritation Test

chemical to be tested is applied in a single dose to the skin of a healthy young adult rabbits Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test Brine Shrimp Assay Draize Eye Irritation Test

OECD 404 Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion

addresses the human health endpoint skin corrosion based on the rat skin TER test method, which utilizes skin discs to identify corrosives by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function. Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method Draize Eye Irritation Test

OECD 430 In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method

utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive chemicals in a manner similar to animal skin in situ. Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion

435 In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion

test chemical is applied topically to a three-dimensional RhE model. Irritant chemicals are identified by their ability to decrease cell viability below the defined threshold levels. In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Methods

No. 439 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Methods

both male and/or female healthy young adult animals can be used, At least 10 animals in the treatment group and 5 in the control group

406: Skin Sensitisation Guinea Pig Maximisation Test and Buehler Test

Minimum of 20 animals is used in the treatment group and at least 10 animals in the control group

Buehler test

In vivo method, mouse is the species of choice, young female mice of CBA/Ca or CBA/J strain

OECD GUIDELINE 429: Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay

in vivo method, non-radioactive variation of the LLNA method; used to detect potential skinsensitizing test chemicals and measure the lymphocyte proliferation they cause in the auricular lymph nodes.

OECD GUIDELINE 442 A: Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay

modified nonradioactive LLNA method.

OECD GUIDELINE 442 B: Local Lymph Node Assay: Brdu (5-BROMO-2-DEOXYURIDINE) ENZYME–LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT (ELISA)

addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins

OECD GUIDELINE 442 C: In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays

an in vitro procedure (the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS OECD GUIDELINE 442 D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARENrf2 Luciferase Test Method

OECD GUIDELINE 442 D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARENrf2 Luciferase Test Method

Prelim PostLab Flashcards

(84 cards)