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Preliminary Flashcards

1
Q

Tourism characteristics and their planning implications

A

A composite product
Tourist destinations are intangible
Tourism destination have long-gestation periods
Tourism is very capital intensive
Tourism’s main assets are nature and culture
Tourism is subject to external forces that are largely uncontrollable
Tourism exerts impacts on the environment, culture and economy
Tourism is a highly dynamic and competitive industry.
Tourism’s main assets are nature and culture

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2
Q

Comprised of goods and serviced that are provider by entities in the tourism value chain

A

A composite product

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3
Q

Refers to the series of public and private entities that convert resources into value added tourism products that are sold to tourists

A

Tourism value chain

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4
Q

Experience gained

A

Tourist destinations are intangible

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5
Q

Long term tourism sustainability

A

Tourism destinations have long-gestation periods

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6
Q

Minimum

A

5 M

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7
Q

Political situation,weather, natural calamities, currency fluctuations and internal relations

A

Tourism is subject to external forces that are largely uncontrollable

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8
Q

Current trends and events (travel patterns) provided to tourists

A

External forces

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9
Q

It affects tourism industry tourist destination-tourist price (sustain and save money)

A

Economic crisis

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10
Q

Destinations (+-) planning and and impacts

A

Tourism exerts impacts on the environment, culture and economy of destinations

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11
Q

Innovation and development must always be present for the satisfaction of returned guest

A

Tourism is highly dynamic and competitve industry

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12
Q

The Benefits of Tourism planning

A

It gives new learnings
A mental exercise
Planning prevents waste of time, money and effort
Participatory tourism planning
Planning helps avoid mistakes that can lead to irreperable damage to destination

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13
Q

Factors to consider for effective tourism planning and development

A

Availability and Quality of tourism relevant data
Caliber of Planning expertise
Type and Variety of Tourism Resources
Kinds of tourism resources in adjacent tourism

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14
Q

According to Prof. Felipe de Leon Jr., a destination can complete by establishing its cultural identity in terms of the following: Kinds or types of Tourism Resources

(EXPLAIN)

A 
Originality 
Indigenousness
Authenticity
Uniqueness
Historicity
Magnitude
Excellence
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15
Q

Avoidance of past mistakes and networking (alternatives Plan ABC)

A

It gives new learnings

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16
Q

Planning forces us to focus on the task at hand and to think critically

A

A mental exercise

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17
Q

Contributes to the development of social capital by building trust and support among the various stakeholders in a destination

A

Participatory tourism planning

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18
Q

Up to date and comprehensive tourism-relevant data affects the level of accuracy of estimating supply capacity, forecasting demand and monitoring outcomes (tabular data: sources with name and signature)

A

Availability and Quality of tourism relevant data

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19
Q

Minimum of land

A

14 hectares

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20
Q

Determines the quality of planning outputs

A

Caliber of expertise/Qualifications

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21
Q

Being the first to have a particular attraction

A

Originality

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22
Q

Having something that can only be found in your destination

A

Indigenousness

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23
Q

Being true to traditions and methods of preparation, not contrived

A

Authenticity

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24
Q

Not found anywhere else

A

Uniqueness

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25
Being significant for a particular event
Historicity
26
Being the tallest, smallest, biggest, or anything superlative
Magnitude
27
Having the highest quality
Excellence
28
Culture characteristics of a destination have an impact on the kind of tourists that are attracted to it. Community
Culture of the destinations residents
29
Geographic location has direct impacts on several
Geographic location and spatial distribution of the tourism development units
30
Market volume and characteristics influence the kind of amenities and services that are offered im the destination
Target Market
31
Stages in the Tourism Area Life Cycle (Explain) is
``` Exploration Involvment Development Consolidation Stagnation Decline or Rejuvenation ```
32
Discovery
Exploration
33
Stakeholders/govern/tourist/community
Involvement
34
Possibility to develop
Development
35
Sectors
Consolidation
36
Sustainabiliity/limited resources
Stagnation
37
Reju-recover
Decline or rejuvenation
38
Set parameters to what can and cannot be undone .
National Tourism Policy and Legislation
39
These priority areas are affiliated in RA 9593 or the Tourism Act of 2009 and translated into plans in the National Tourism Development for 2011-2016 (Section 2 of RA 9593)
National Tourism Policy and Legislation
40
A positive perception of tourism results in people embracing tourism development, negative perception will make people oppose it
Stakeholder's perception and attitudes
41
Tourism planners must also be conscious of eternal developments that can affect the viability of planned tourism projects.
Awareness of external forces
42
These developments cover socio-cultural, technological, environmental, economic and political dimensions
Awareness of External Forces
43
The amount of financial capital requited by a tourism project and the ability to raise such amount are also a major consideration in whether to proceed with tourism development or not
Financial Capital Requirement
44
Sees tourism as a positive force for economic development
Boosterism/Boosterist approach
45
Primary goal of boosterism/Boosterist approach
Maximize tourism revenues through mass tourism
46
Tourism Development theories
Advocacy theories | Cautionary theories
47
Support theories
Advocacy theories
48
NGO private entirues community
Advocacy theories
49
Warning theories
Cautionary theories
50
Advocacy theories
Laidsez faire theory Modernization theory Trickle down Neoliberal
51
A french tern for leave it be
Laissez faire theory
52
Known as liberal economic theory
Laissez faire theory
53
Assimes that tourism contributes to the economic progress and transformation of traditional societi s into modern ones
Mondernization theorty
54
Convert simple destinations into modern
Modernizations theorty
55
Economic business approach
Laissez faire theory
56
Assumes that any form of economic growth will lead to the improvement of the living conditions of qll
Trickle down theory
57
Related to this theory is the multiplier effect
Trickle down theory
58
Posits that the economy functions best when there is minimal government intervention
Neoliberal theory
59
Accepts the idea of government regulation but rejects government competing with the private sector of being a business operator itself
Neoliberal theory
60
Only for private entities
Neoliberal theory
61
Cautionary theories
Dependency theory | Irridex theory
62
States that tourism can actually worsen the plight of "third world" countries because the "first world" countries exploit and siphon off the resources of the latter
Dependency theory
63
Theory about the social impacts of tourism
Irridex or Doxey's Irritation Index Model
64
It states the residents attitudes toward tourism will deter over the destination life cycle as the negative consequences of tourism intensify
Irridex or Doxey'a Irritation Index Model
65
Planning may not be seen as necessary when the place has underdeveloped supply and demand or where visitation rates are so small as to not perceive any impact from it
No planning
66
Planning only as the need arises
Ad-hoc planning
67
Examples of No planning
Le Preza for movies or tv shows
68
Relate to issue-based planning, which is planning driven by issues that emerge from time to time and the search for solutions to those issues
Dredge and Jenkins 2001 | Ad-Hoc Planning
69
Example of Ad-Hoc Planning
Cagbalete Island
70
Tourism is developed and planned as an integrated within itself and as part of an overall tourism plan and total development patterns in an area
Integrated Tourism Planning | Chaisawat.n.d
71
Part of the masterplan
Integrated Tourism Planning
72
"Build it and they will come"
Product-led Development
73
It suggest that the key to successful tourism program is to provide infrastructure, facilities, and amenities to tourist
Product-led Development
74
Focused on "destination layout and design" and breaks down tourism into spatial unit such as gateways, communities, access route and attraction complexes
Spatial planning
75
"Know the customers and satisfy them"
Demand-led approach
76
Market research
Demand-led approach
77
Puts the government at the center of planning and development
Bureaucratic/Government-led approach
78
Government may use various types of policy instruments to promote tourism
Advocacy Money Action Laws and Regulations
79
A set of rules, reguulations, guidelines, directives and development, promotion objectives and strategies that provide framework
Tourism policy
80
Output of the tourism planning process
Tourism plan
81
Tourism planning is the process of: (general)
Gathering and evaluating information Imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination Choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them
82
Conceptualization
Imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination
83
Tourism planning process involves:
Situational analysis Vision, goals and objectives Strategies
84
How mani MVGBS
1 Mission 1 Vision 10 Objectives 10 strategies
85
How to attain objectives/ ways to achieve objectives
Strategies
86
TRREC
New Zealand's Recreation, Research and Education Centre
87
TRREC provides these definitions
Vision Goals Objectives Strategies
88
Desired future state of the destination
Vision
89
Broad-based targets for tourism
Goals
90
Targets that are SMART
Objectives
91
SMART
``` Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Time bound ```
92
The method by which objectives will be achieved
Strategies
93
Tourism planning dimension
Levels Time frame Scope
94
International, National, Regional, Provincial, Municipal/City, Site
Levels
95
Short term, Medium term, Long term
Time frame
96
Short term
2 years or less
97
Medium term
2-5 years
98
Long term
5 years and up
99
More on planning not developments
Time frame
100
Short term
Wellness spa
101
Medium term
Water park
102
Comprehensive in scope
Scope
103
Composed of several smaller plans
Master plan
104
Also called the tourism development unit
Spatial units
105
DOT-JICA and the UNESCO provide the following spatial concepts:
``` Tourist site TDA Tourism cluster Tourism circuits Tourism corridor ```
106
Gives financial support on community-based project
DOT-JICA
107
An area that contains one or more tourist attractions
Tourist site
108
Tourist site
Geographical-landscape-aesthetic Cultural-Historical Recreational Ecological
109
Natural
Geographical-landscape-aesthetic
110
Flora and fauna
Ecological
111
Adventures
Recreational
112
TDA
Tourism Development Area
113
An area designated for possessing important attraction present an important site in an specific area or groups of tourist sites
TDA
114
Grouping, more broad than TDA
Tourism Cluster
115
Composed of two or more TDAs
Tourism cluster
116
NTDP
The National Tourism Development Plan
117
DOT-JICA
Department of Tourism-Japan International Cooperation Agency
118
NTDP consists 5 TDAs
``` Northern Cebu-Bantayan-Malapascua Metro-Cebu-Mactan-Olango Island Southern Cebu Negros Oriental-Dumaguete-Siquijor Tagbilaran-Panglao Island ```
119
This was planned by ___
Aquino Administration
120
Defined as a route involving at least 3 major tourist destinations which are located in different towns, villages or cities and the destinations share common characteristics or themes
Tourism circuit
121
Refers to a route defined by a the e spanning several countries or even continents
Tourism corridor
122
Ex: Culinary tourism
Tourism corridor
123
Physical space in which a visitor spends at least one overnight
Tourism destination
124
Two types of bureaucratic approaches:
Central planning approach (DOT-TPB) | Devolved plaaning approach(DOT-Provincial-Local LGU)
125
The opposite of boosterism is low volume, high yield tourism which Scheyvens called the ___ Where strict controls are imposed on the types and and volume pf tourism to maximize revenue but minimize the adverse effects of tourism religion, culture, and environment
Middle path approach (Bhutan Model)
126
Works best when the place being comsidered for tourism development is endowed with natural attractions of outstanding beauty, remote beyond the reach of commercial electric and water services or protected by laws; such as protected areas and ancestral domains of indigenous people Develop aesthetically
Environmental approach
127
Defined by the DOT (2002) as a form of sustainable tourism within natural and cultural heritage area where community participation protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics as well as economic benefits fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and satisfaction of visitors Develop natural resources, sustain the wellbeing of the community
Ecotourism approach
128
A tourism that is owned and/or managed by communities and intended to deliver wider community benefit Manage and supervise the project or development of the destination
Community-based Tourism
129
Emphasize the role of stakeholders in the tourism planning process
Social approach
130
It is concerned with directing the benefit and control of resources toward the community and other vulnerable groups
Social approach
131
Puts people at the center of the planning process It is an approach in which each relevant stakeholder has a say in the deliberation and decision-making process Implementation in which the stakeholder has the right or power for decision making
Participatory/Stake
132
Tourism that generates net benefits for the poor
Pro-poor apprpach
133
In this approach, the needs of the poor are prioritized over externally -oriented growth imperatives
Pro-poor approach
134
Development that meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Sustainable development
135
Tourism that takes full account pf its current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts, adressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities
Sustainable tourism
136
Goals of Sustainable Tourism
``` Economic viability Local prosperity Employment quality Social equity Visitor fulfillment Local control Community-well being Cultural richness Physical integrity Biological diversity Resource efficiency Environmental purity ```
137
Principles and Strategies of Sustainable Tourism Three key phases
Setting the course (1-2) Developing the approach (3) Ensuring on going process (4-5)
138
Tourism Planning Guidelines (Gunn)
Planning policy directions Planning process Tourism Development Tourism Planning Needs (Circa 1988)

Tourism Planning (2 decks)

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