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Environmental Science > Preliminary > Flashcards

Preliminary Flashcards

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1
Q

Science

A

Latin words

Socio or Scire
Scientia

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2
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Meaning to know

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Socio or scire

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3
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Meaning knowledge

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Scientia

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4
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Method of obtaining knowledge

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Science

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5
Q

Pursuit of knowledge

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Pure science

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6
Q

Systematic study of natural or physical phenomena by observation and experiment, scientific knowledge, critical testing and review

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Pure science

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7
Q

Search of practical uses of this scientific knowledge

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Applied science

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8
Q

Technology

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Applied science

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9
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Application of applied science

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Technology

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10
Q

Study of anything with life

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Biological sciences

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11
Q

Living components

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Biotic factors

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12
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Biotic

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Biological sciences

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13
Q

Deals with non-living components

A

Abiotic factors

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14
Q

Science of matter and energy apart from life

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Physical science

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15
Q

Abiotic factor

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Physical science

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16
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass (not weight)

A

Matter

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17
Q

Affected by the pull of gravity

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Weight

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18
Q

Energy at rest

A

Potential energy

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19
Q

Energy in motion

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Kinetic energy

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20
Q

Sun

A

Solar energy

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21
Q

Water

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Hydrothermal energy

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22
Q

Earth

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Geothermal energy

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23
Q

Science/study of plants

A

Botany

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24
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Science/study of animals

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Zoology

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25
Older science
Astronomy
26
Used in ancient times
Astronomy
27
Compass/Constellation/Navigation
Astronomy
28
Study of earth
Geology
29
Science that deals with the study of the internal structure of earth
Geology
30
Science of universe
Astronomy
31
Science of natural phenomena
Physics
32
Study of matter, force and energy
Physics
33
Science of matter, its properties and classification
Chemistry
34
Nature of Science
Science Is uncertain/uncertainty Is always changing Is collaborative
35
One cannot observe directly
Uncertainty
36
New evidence may change ideas or facts, new tools and techniques often provide such evidence
Always changing
37
Einstein's Relativity Theory
E= mc2 Energy, mass, speed of light, 3 x -108 m/s
38
Western nation, Home for the Aged nurse trend
Greying population
39
Usually a discovery or invention is efforts of a team of scientists. Often they share their works to others for review
Collaborative
40
Importance of Science
Basic to understanding how things work Information through this has helped make life better for many people in our modern world Explains how principles of dynamics facilitates human lives (Physics)
41
Modern day life span
``` Male= 65 years Female= 67 years ```
42
Main Division of Science
Physical Science Biological Science Social Science
43
Deals with the study of matter, and energy apart from life
Physical science
44
Deals with the study of anything with life
Biological science
45
Deals with the study of human behavior, activity and way of life
Social science
46
Social science subjects
``` Political science Economics Ethics Logic Theology Psychology Philosophy Sociology Anthropology ```
47
Making of observation and experiments and later using the data obtained to formulate general principles
Scientific method
48
Makers of science use this in order to construct knowledge
Scientific method
49
Steps
``` Identifying the problem Gathering of data Formulation of hypothesis Experimentation Conclusion Verification of Conclusion Generalizations ```
50
Problem should be
Clear, concise, measurable, not broad but specific
51
Scientific guess
Hypothesis
52
Uneducated/unintelligent guess
Hypothesis
53
Must be answerable by yes or no
Hypothesis
54
Testing the hypothesis
Experimentation
55
Is it right? If not, go back to experimentation
Verification of conclusion
56
Ready to announce the word/public announcement/publish
Generalization
57
Earth is round
Christopher Columbus
58
Tentative explanation or idea about how things work
Hypothesis
59
Guides you in further work to get a better answer
Hypothesis
60
Speculation
Hypothesis
61
Explanation of general principles of certain phenomena with considerable facts to support it
Theory
62
Remains valid only if every new piece of information supports it
Theory
63
If a single piece of available information does not support theory
Their proposed DISPROVED
64
Indisputable (beyond doubt) truth
Fact
65
Death of star and sun
Black hole
66
Strong gravity, no one can get out
Black hole
67
Conclusion it general truth, which are established with certainty by inference from and apparently true facts
Law or principle
68
Divisions of Pure Science
Biological science
69
Branches of Biological Science
Botany | Zoology
70
Branches of Physical Science
Astronomy Geology Physics Chemistry
71
Systematized bodies of knowledge into facts
Science
72
Categories of science
Pure science | Applied science
73
Data
Books journal magazine survey direct interview focus group discussion
74
Must have evidence or else
Theory
75
It deals with nature how to preserve
Environmental science
76
Deals with the study of our environment Either globally or locally and it's living and non-living components
Environmental science
77
It is a composite entity incorporating the different fields of science such as
Environmental science Natural science Social science Other sciences
78
Biotic ex
Plants | Animals
79
Abiotic ex
Water Sunlight Wind
80
Broad term encompasses all that surrounds us
Environment
81
The material world in Wil high we love and all the living things that are produced by people
Environment
82
Aspects of environmental science
Environmental ``` Biology Forestry Agriculture Economics Education ```
83
Safeguard the environment or else
Natural calamities
84
It has its own carrying capacity
Planet Earth
85
Asteroids
October 12
86
Shooting star
Bulalakaw
87
Importance of environmental science
Improved knowledge and understanding of the environment and the processes Exposure on environmental problems Values and appreciation for managing our environment Sustainable development
88
Environmental issues
``` Deforestation Illegal logging (wood, paper) Calcium, carbonate, limestone= paper ``` 1. Population growth 2. Global climate change 3. Premature extinction of plants/animals 4. Pollution 5. Poverty Resource depletion Waste (e-waste, leachate) Wildfires
89
Development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs
Sustainable development
90
Symbol of development
Circle
91
Attain SD
Mining rehabilitation Using renewable resources in harmony with ecological systems to produce a rice in real income per person and an improved standard of living for everyone Increased awareness that the environmental precautions are essential for continued economic development over the long run Conserve our resources and manage them the right way
92
Sunlight
Perpetual
93
Mineral deposits
Non-Renewable
94
Measures of Population growth
RH BILL | Contraceptives
95
Fluid coming from the septic tank
Leachate | Pozo Negro
96
Wildfires casualties
Mt. Banahaw | Bohol
97
Science contributed a great deal in our society, that without science, we won't have everything that we saw and used today
Science and its impact on the society
98
It is concerned with evidence and theory
Science
99
It is a field of systematic inquiry
Science
100
Study of interaction/interrelationship between and among the living and non-living part of the environment
Ecology
101
Scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their environment
Ecology
102
It was coined by German Biologist
Ernst Haeckel in 1866
103
Comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment
Ecology
104
Considered as the branch of biology
Ecology
105
The view of an organism in its home
Ecology
106
Ecology came from
Greek word Oikos Logos
107
Oikos
Household
108
Logos
Knowledge
109
Tools
Axe, Spear | Knife, Cutter, Automatic
110
Ethics
Barbarian | Social
111
Religion
Pagans | Christian
112
Work
None | Many
113
Medicine
Natural resources, spirits, shaman | Synthetic drugs, natural drugs, doctors
114
Forest
Abundant | Few
115
Natural resources
Plenty | Scarce
116
Houses
Huts, Caves, Trees | Concrete, Buildings
117
Hobbies
Making tools, Hunting | Tv, reading
118
Food
From the natural resources | Scarce
119
Population
Less | Overpopulated
120
The sum of all factor acting on an organism or community of organism
Environment
121
Anything that surrounds an organism
Environment
122
The study of interactions among physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
Environmental science
123
Provides an integrated, quantitative and interdisciplinary approach to the study of the environmental system
Environmental science
124
It encompasses issues such as
``` Conservation Ground water contamination Biodiversity Water quality Use of natural resources Waste management Sustainable development Air pollution Noise pollution ```
125
Two different fields of study although there are some overlap due to the multidisciplinary bay re of environmental science
Ecology and Environmental science
126
Branches of ecology
``` Ecophysiology Behavioral ecology Popular ecology Community ecology Ecoystem ecology System ecology Landscape ecology Evolutionary ecology Political ecology ```
127
Food chain
Grass-Insect-Frog-Snake-Man--grass 100%. W10%. 1%. 0.01 %. Ecosystem ecology
128
Interlocking food chain
Food web Overlapping
129
Ecology vs Environment
Relationships between organisms and their environment Anything that surrounds an organism
130
Two ways to learn about the environment/Approaches in the study of the environment
Reductionist or piece-meal approach | Holistic approach
131
Whole
Holistic
132
Major supplier of our resources
Environment
133
Fossil fuel
Coal | Petroleum
134
Coal emits
Toxic gases S02 (Sulfur Dioxide) | Hg (Mercury)
135
Biological mass
Biomass | Food pyramid
136
Components in order to have a stable environment/ three major groups of living organisms/ecosystem
Producer Consumer Decomposer
137
How will you know our environment is products be and self-sustainable?
Last page
138
House where organisms reside
Planet earth
139
When a problem affects the environment, it also affects the organism that love there because of the interrelationships
It is necessary study the environment because every organism is somehow affected by the environment in order the life will exist abundantly
140
Ecology is important to human beings in two ways
Provide us with the knowledge that we have to deal effectively with environmental considerations Human beings affect and are affected by the environment
141
Subdivision of ecology
Autecology | Synecology
142
Deals with study of the individual organism it's life history, behavior, characteristics, and it's adaptation to the environment
Autecology
143
Deals with the study of groups of organisms which are associated as a unit in relation to its environment
Synecology
144
Except the simple forms is organized into different levels from cells to organism or species
Life
145
Part of the earth that supports life
Biosphere
146
Top portion of te earth's crust
Biosphere
147
All the waters that cover the Earth's surface
Biosphere
148
Atmosphere that surrounds earth
Biosphere
149
Biosphere
Atmosphere Ecosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere
150
All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment
Ecosystem
151
Land
Lithosphere
152
Water
Hydrosphere
153
All the organisms in an ecosystems that belong to the same species
Population
154
Air
Atmosphere
155
Ecological system | Forest
Ecosphere
156
All the populations in an ecosystem
Community
157
3 kinds of interaction in an ecosystem
Abiotic-abiotic interaction Biotic-biotic interactions Biotic-abiotic interactions
158
Relationship among physical factors in the environment
Abiotic-abiotic interaction
159
Relationship among biotic factors in the community
Biotic-Biotic Interactions
160
Relationship between living and non-living things in a community
Biotic-abiotic factor
161
Living organisms
Biological components
162
Green plants
Producers
163
Self nourishing organisms
Autotrophic
164
Animals that obtain their food by eating plants and other animals
Consumers
165
They can't produce their own food
Heterotrops
166
Plant eaters only
Herbivores
167
Feed only on animals
Carnivore
168
Feed on both plants and animals
Omnivores
169
Feed only on dead plants and animal residue
Detrivores
170
Also hetertrops but they feed on dead organic materials
Decomposers
171
Decomposers more specifically called
Saprotrophs
172
They include fungi and molecules of litter, wastes and remains of both producers and consumers
Decomposers
173
Heterotrops
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detrivores
174
Non-living environment
Abiotic components
175
3 factors of abiotic components
Climatic Edaphic Topographic
176
Climatic
Light Temperature Rainfall Wind
177
Edaphic
Soil Nutrient content Acidity Moisture content
178
Topographic
Slope | Altitude
179
Ecology vs Environmental Science
Study of interrelations of living organisms whether at the population, community or ecosystem level, and of the relationships between organisms and their environment Broad are of study encompassing both biological and physical concepts including diverse areas such as geology, argronomy, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, soil chemistry, water chemistry. These areas of study are integrated and applied to address issues such as water quality, air quality and soil quality
180
The meaning of ecology in our life
We must know the connection of organism in relation to his environment and know about organism
181
Organisms are made up of what we call
Biological spectrum
182
The biological spectrum and 4 basic implications
1. Life begins with a mass of protoplasm and operates within the biosphere, it follows a continuous pattern. 2. There is an increasing complexity as one proceeds from one level to another. 3. The levels of organization are interrelated with one another. One cannot exist without the other. a. No cell without the protoplasm b. No Tissue without the cell 4. The interrelationship of these different levels show the organisms are dependent on one another. No organism lives alone
183
Who would beg to differ?
``` LIFE begins with PROTOPLASM that is the basic structure of CELL that becomes a TISSUE a group of tissue becomes an ORGAN that becomes an ORGAN SYSTEM that turns into ORGANISMS and finally a POPULATION that comes into COMMUNITY and because of its relationship produces an ECOSYSTEM that becomes the BIOSPHERE EARTH ```
184
Examines how the physiological functions of organisms influence the way they interact with the environment, both biotic and abiotic
Ecophysiology
185
Examines the roles of behavior in enabling an animal to adapt to its environment
Behavioral ecology
186
Studies the dynamics of populations of a single species
Population ecology
187
Focuses on the interactions between species within an ecological community
Community ecology
188
Studies the flows of energy and matter through the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem
Ecosystem ecology
189
Interdisciplinary field focusing on the study,development and organization of ecological systems from holistic perspective
System ecology
190
Examines the process and relationship across the multiple ecosystems or very large geographic areas
Landscape ecology
191
Studies ecology in a way that explicitly considers the evolutionary histories of species and their interactions
Evolutionary ecology
192
Connects politics and economy to problems of environmental control and ecological change
Political ecology
193
Subdivisions according to fields of interests
Plant ecology Insect ecology Animal ecology
194
It is an interdisciplinary/integrated science which involves:
``` Physics Chemistry Biology Geology Geography Demography Engineering Management Economics Politics Ethics ```
195
We use the knowledge of our ___, how it affects us, how we affect them, how to deal with environmental problems
Physio-chemical Biological Social aspects Of environment
196
Man
``` Political Socio-Economics Biological Physiochemical Geological Physiography ```
197
Aspects of environmental science
``` Environmental biology Environmental forestry Environmental agriculture Environmental engineering Environmental economics Environmental education ```
198
Living organisms, how they organize, how they interact with the environment
Environmental boil
199
Example of environmental biology
Marine biology, agriculturist
200
Study of the forest
Environmental forestry
201
Concerned with pesticides, food chain, water resources, nutrient of the soul
Environmental agriculture
202
Deals on organic wastes
Environmental engineering
203
Genetic engineering
Environmental engineering
204
Deals with the economy, resources, the effect of mining activities, human activities
Environmental economics
205
Views education as a process influencing the minds of young people
Environmental education
206
Interest group
Reductionist or piece-meal approach
207
Concerned with specific topic
Reductionist or piece-meal approach
208
Example of Reductionist or piece-meal approach
Environmentalist, Conservationalist
209
A group of NGO that believed that some areas should be left as it is
Preservationalist
210
They believed that "Nature Knows best"
Preservationalist
211
Human management was generally harmful to natural resources
Preservationalist
212
Made up of bikers, hikers, wilderness and national park supporters
Preservationalist
213
A group that believed human kind can manage nature through the intelligent use of science
Conservationalist
214
They are considered as land dispoilers of preservationist
Conservationalist
215
Members/Examples of conservationist
Fish and wildlife groups | Foresters
216
Meaning it must be sustainable and must have integrity shown by the governance
Holistic approach
217
Short term management plan
Holistic approach
218
Define as anything we obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants
Resources
219
Meaning forever
Perpetual
220
Meaning it can be developed or redeveloped
Renewable
221
Cannot be replaced
Non Renewable
222
Can affect and certainly an issue
Population
223
World population growth according to some studies
High exponentially at a rate of 1:28% per year a
224
Bad effect of population
Threatens our economic activities, support system or labor force Pollution Environmental degradation
225
Good effect
More labor force and consumers | Increasing resources- by using pressures in land, seas
226
Change in temperature because of gases
Global climate change
227
Examples of global climate challenge
``` C02 and CO= as burn fuel N02 in factories CFC's= air conditioners, aerosols O3= anthropogenic: due or part of the green house effect Inc. temperature because of UV,radiation ```
228
Animal killings/plants
Premature extinction of plants/animals
229
Overuse
Premature extinction of plants/animals
230
Because of the increase rate in resources additional pollutants
Pollution
231
Actors of the environment
``` Ecologist Environmental scientist Conservation biologist Environmentalist Preservationists Conversationists Restorationists ```
232
Biologists who study the relation between organisms and their environment
Ecologist
233
Person who studies the interaction between biological and physical concepts of the environment
Environmental scientist
234
Scientist who studies the effects of humans on the environment and with the conservation of biological diversity
Conversation biologist
235
The person who studies the interaction between biological and physical concepts of the environment
Environmental scientist
236
Scientist who studies the effects of humans on the environment and with the conservation of biological diversity
Conservation biologists
237
The person who advocates/protect the environment from disasters, pollution or any bad effects cause by humans
Environmentalists
238
A group of NGO that believed some areas should be lefts as it is
Preservationists
239
A group that believed that human kind can manage nature through the intelligent use of science
Conservationist
240
A scientist who restores/renovate the environment
Restorationist
241
Environmental properties
``` Productivity Stability Sustainability Biodiversity Equitability ```
242
The primary indicator is plenty of production and the biomass of an area is increased
Productivity
243
Ability of the environment to maintain/receive the minor disturbances in time
Stability
244
Stable production meaning stable system
Stability
245
Ability of the environment to have a continuous production in spite and despite of major disturbances
Sustainability
246
Example of productivity
We call the land area or plant areas- Phytomass Determine by the number of production- Kg of rice/area In animals- called Zoomass Example: tons of fish/area
247
Example of sustainability
Major harvest despite of nature destruction
248
Meaning the richness of species an area is an indication
Biodiversity
249
A diverse system is a stable system
Biodiversity
250
Example of biodiversity
Species diversity Genetic diversity Diverse niches
251
Mixed cropping less competition
Species diversity
252
Inheritable characteristics, more gene pool mean stability
Genetic diversity
253
Meaning equal access to the resources
Equitability
254
It shows how each living thing gets it's food
Food chain
255
They are called producers
Plants
256
They are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water
Plants
257
Cannot make their own food so they must eat plants/other animals
Animals
258
They are called consumers
Animals
259
Groups of consumers
3
260
Animals that eat only plants
Herbivores | Primary consumers
261
Some animals also eat __ and some animals eat other __
Plants | Animals
262
For example, a simple food chain links the trees and shrubs, the giraffes that eat trees and shrubs and lions that eat the giraffes
Each link in this chain is food for the next link
263
A food chain always starts with the ___ and end with __
plant life | animal
264
Animals that eat other animals
Carnivores
265
Carnivores that eat herbivores
Secondary consumers
266
Carnivores that eat other carnivores
Tertiary consumers
267
Tertiary consumers
Killer whales in an ocean food web-phytoplankton-small fishes-seals-killer whales
268
Animals and people who both eat animals and plants
Omnivores
269
Decomposers
Bacteria and Fungi
270
Feed on decaying matter
Decomposers
271
Speed up the decaying process that releases mineral salts back into the food chain for absorption by plants as nutrients
Decomposer
272
There are more __ than __
Herbivores | Carnivores
273
Energy is passed from one link to another
Food chain
274
When a herbivore eats
Only a fraction of the energy (that it gets from the plant food) becomes a new body mass The rest of the energy is lost as waste or used up by the herbivore to carry out its life processes
275
Life processes
Movement Digestion Production
276
When the herbivore is eaten by a carnivore
Passes only a small amount of total energy that it has received to the carnivore Of the energy transferred from the herbivore to the carnivore (waste or used up) by the carnivore
277
It has to eat many herbivores to get enough energy to grow
Carnivores
278
The further along the food chain you go
The less food (and hence energy) remains available
279
Most food chains
No more than four or five links
280
There cannot be too many links in a single food chain
Animals at the end of the chain would not get enough food (and hence energy to stay alive)
281
Part of more than one food chain
Most animals
282
Fresh air
Renewable
283
Fertile soil
Renewable
284
Plants
Renewable
285
Animals
Renewable
286
Solar energy
Perpetual
287
Flowing water
Perpetual
288
Wind
Perpetual
289
Fossil fuel
Non-Renewable
290
Fuel
Non-Renewable
291
No of metals
Non Renewable
292
Clay
Non Renewable
293
Sand
Non-Renewable
294
Phosphate
Non-Renewable
295
Eat more than one kind of food in order to meet their food and energy requirements
Most animals
296
Interconnected food chain
Food web
297
Change in the size of one population
Affect other populations
298
Helps maintain the balance of plant and animal populations within a community
Interdependence of the population within a food chain
299
Food webs organized into three CATEGORIES
Tropic levels
300
Three primary Trophic Levels
Producers Consumers Decomposers
301
Organisms that can make their own organic compounds or food using simple inorganic compounds
Producers
302
Sometimes allow autotrophs
Producers | Self-feeders
303
Organisms in this trophic level survive by eating dead organisms
Decomposers or Detritivores
304
Feed directly on dead plants and animals
Earthworms
305
These organisms convert dead organisms to simpler substances that are then digested even further by other __
Decomposers | Bacteria and fungi
306
Unlike organisms in the consumer (producer part of the food web) they are extremely efficient feeders
Decomposers or Detritivores
307
They can rework the remains of dead organisms progressively extracting more and more energy
Decomposers or Detritivores
308
Eventually the waste materials re broken down into simple inorganic chemicals
Decomposers or Detritivores Water Carbon dioxide Simple nutrients
309
The nutrients may then be reused by the primary producers in the lowest part of the food web
Decomposers or Detritivores
310
Very active inside the compost likes where kitchen wastes are converted into soil conditioner
Decomposer food web
311
Active in all natural ecosystems
Decomposers or Detritivores
312
Food chain vs food web
One path of energy | Everything is connected
313
Organisms in a food chain are grouped into
Tropic level.
314
From the __ word, they are based on how many links they a re removed from the primary producers
Greek word: trophics= nourishment
315
May consist of either a single species or a group of species that are presumed to share both predators and prey
Trophic levels
316
Level
``` __ consumer (Carnivore) ⬆️ Tertiary Consumer (Carnivore-Carnivore) ⬆️ Secondary Consumer (Carnivore- Carnivore) ⬆️ Primary Consumer (Herbivore-Zooplankton) ⬆️ Primary Producer (Plant-Phytoplankton) ```
317
Too many giraffes
Insufficient trees and shrubs | Many giraffes will starve and die
318
Fewer giraffes
More time for tree and shrubs to grow to mature and multiply Less food is available= less food for lions to eat-starve to death Fewer lions= giraffe population will increase
319
Fresh Water
Renewable

Environmental Science (4 decks)

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