Prelims Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Boundaries of the
Facially – mucosa
Labially – mucosa of lips
Bucally – mucosa of the cheeks
Orally – alveolar mucosa gingiva facial surfaces of the teeth
A
Boundaries of the Oral Vestibule
2
Q
Anteriorly / Laterally
Oral surfaces of the teeth
Gingiva
Cranially – mucosa of hard and soft palate
Caudally – mucosa of the tongue and floor of the mouth
Posterolaterally – anterior pillar of the fauces and tonsils
A
Boundaries of the Oral Cavity proper
3
Q
A Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is the 1st part you see in the oral cavity
A
Lips
4
Q
Muscle of the lips
A
Orbicularis oris
5
Q
epithelium of the cheeks
A
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
6
Q
muscle of the cheeks
A
buccinators muscle
7
Q
A hard mineralized structure and is use for mastication
A
Teeth
8
Q
The crown and root is separated by
A
cervical neck
9
Q
the anatomical crown and root is marked by __ to Apex
A
CEJ
10
Q
The clinical crown and root is marked by the bottom of ___ to the apex
A
sulcus
11
Q
hard calcified tissue covering the anatomical crown of the tooth
A
Enamel
12
Q
hard calcified tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth
A
Dentin
13
Q
hard calcified tissue covering the root of the tooth
A
Cementum
14
Q
unmineralized oral tissue composed of soft connective tissue
A
pulp
15
Q
found in the space called pulp cavity
A
pulp tissue
16
Q
Pulp chamber
A
crown
17
Q
pulp canal
A
root
18
Q
masticatory mucosa lining the alveolar bone which surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth
A
Gingiva
19
Q
Epithelium of Gingiva
A
keratinized squamous epithelium
20
Q
part of jaw that holds the teeth, supports the roots of the teeth and keeps them in place.
A
Alveolar bone
21
Q
Alveolar bone is also called
A
Alveolar process
22
Q
hard calcified tissue covering the root of the tooth
A
Cementum
23
Q
soft connective tissue embedded between the cementum and the inner wall of the alveolar bone socket to help support the teeth
A
Periodontal ligament
24
Q
Part of the immune system that can stop germs from entering the body through the mouth or the nose
A
tonsils
25
Contains a lot of white blood cells which are responsible for killing germs
tonsils
26
Facilitates movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing
tongue
27
A part of the tongue that is velvety texture in appearance
Lingual papilla
28
divides the dorsum of the tongue into symmetrical halves
Median Lingual Sulcus
29
mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth on the ventral surface
Lining mucosa
30
Epithelium of the lining mucosa
non-keratinized stratified squamous
31
anterior, most numerous, no taste buds, tactile sensation, extension
Filiform Papillae
32
anterior, sweet and salty taste, extension
Fungiform Papillae
33
lateral, w/ depression, sour taste, has a slit
Foliate Papillae
34
least numerous, mushroom, bitter taste (medicine), has crypts (can accumulate food/bacteria that can cause infections)
Circumvallate/Vallate Papillae
35
separates anterior and posterior parts of the tongue
Sulcus Terminalis
36
found in the epithelium, cheek, soft palate, epiglottis, upper surface of the tongue
taste buds
37
synthesis and secretion of pore substances, has taste pores
TYPE I – Taste / Dark Cells
38
type o f taste buds that has an unknown function
TYPE II – Supporting / Light Sustentacular Cells
39
responsible for perception of taste
TYPE III – Intermediate Cells
40
A taste bud that is responsible for replacing / replenishing other cells
TYPE IV – Basal cells
41
A Non-keratinized squamous epithelium and horizontally aligned U-shaped situated in the part of the oral cavity that lies beneath the tongue
Floor of the Mouth
42
secures the tongue to the bottom of the mouth
Lingual Frenulum
43
largest Salivary gland that is located just in front of the ears, saliva produced is secreted into the mouth from a duct near the upper second molar
Parotid gland
44
located below the jaw. the saliva produced is secreted into the mouth from under the tongue.
Submandibular gland
45
smallest salivary gland located under the floor of the mouth and below either side of the tongue.
sublingual gland
46
5 Minor salivary glands
Labial
Small Buccal
Palatine
Anterior and Posterior Lingual
Glossopalatine
47
Branch if biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.
Embryology
48
an unborn offspring in the process of development
embryo
49
3 stages in Human development
1. Proliferative Period
2. Embryonic Period
3. Fetal Period
50
The sperm undergoes 2 process
Capacitation process and acrosomal reaction
51
Where glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma protein are removed from the spermatozoon head
Capacitation process
52
hyaluronidase and trypsin-lie substance are released to penetrate the oocyte barriers
Acrosomal reaction
53
During the Fertilization, the Spermatozoon must penetrate:
1. The Corona Radiata
2. The Zona Pellucida
3. The Oocyte Cell Membrane
54
As soon as the Spermatozoa has entered the Oocyte:
1. The oocyte finishes the _____
2nd meiotic division
55
As soon as the Spermatozoa has entered the Oocyte:
2. ____ becomes impenetrable
Zona pellucida
56
As soon as the Spermatozoa has entered the Oocyte:
3. The ____ separates from the tail
Head of the sperm
57
Results of fertilization
1. Restoration of diploid number of chromosome
2. Determination of chromosomal sex
3. Initiation of Cleavage
58
Derivatives of ECTODERM
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory epithelium of the ear, nose, and eyes
Epidermis, Hair, Nails
Subcutaneous Glands: Mammary Glands, Pituitary Glands, and Enamel of Teeth
59
Derivatives of ENDODERM
Gastro Intestinal Tract
Epithelial Lining of the Respiratory Tract
Parenchyma of the tonsil, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, liver, and pancreas.
Epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and urethra
Epithelial lining of the lymphatic cavity and Eustachian tube
60
Derivatives of MESODERM
Muscle, Cartilage, Bone, and Subcutaneous tissue of the skin
Vascular System
Urogenital system except bladder
Spleen, Suprarenal Gland
61
This process forms the forehead
Frontal process
62
Forms the median nasal septum, bridge of nose and tip of the nose
Median Nasal Process
63
This process forms the infraorbital, sides and alae of the nose
Lateral Nasal process
64
this process forms the philtrum of upper lip, tubercle or center of upper lip and pre-maxilla
Globular process
65
Forms the side of upper lip, upper cheek and associated structure
Maxillary process
66
forms the:
Lower lip
Lower cheek area
Mandibular Area
Associated structure
Mandibular process
67
Forms the face
frontal process and mandibular arch
68
an agent/factor which causes malfunction of an embryo
Teratogen
69
part of the face where it all comes together 2-3 months
Philtrum
70
1st to develop at the center and occupies the mid-face area
tongue
71
A Muscle tissue and is formed by 2 lateral lingual swellings of mandibular arch.
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
72
Formed by 2nd and 3rd brachial arch and capula center of arches
Posterior 2/3 of the tongue
73
small-sized mouth
MICROSTOMIA
74
large sized mouth
Macrostomia
75
Also called cheiloschisis and is a result of a non union of either the margins of the globular and maxillary process for the upper and anterior margins of the mandibular process for the lower
Cleft lip
76
A result of a non fusion of the 2 palatine processes and inferior borders of the nasal septum
Cleft palate
77
cleft affecting the hard palate
Uranoshisis
78
cleft affecting the soft palate
Staphyloschisis
79
non union of the maxillary process and mandible
facial clefts
80
A defect that causes the tongue tie
ANKYLOGLOSSIA
81
Absence of tongue
Aglossia
82
X chromosome is missing or partially missing and affects development in females
Turner syndrome
83
from alcohol exposure causing brain damage and growth problems
fetal alcohol syndrome
84
A genetic disorder causing deformities in the ear, eyes, cheekbones and chin
TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME
85
Sign of congenital syphilis which occurs when a pregnant mother transmits syphilis to her child in utero or at birth causing the Incisors and molars take on a triangular or peglike
appearance
Hutchinson's Incisors
86
Fluid-filled pocket in the front of the neck, just above the voice box.
Thyroglossal duct cyst
87
Purplish vein located on the ventral side of the tongue
Caviar tongue
88
Abnormally small jaw or retardation in the
development of the upper or lower jaw
Micrognathia
89
Abnormally large jaw
Macrognathia
90
defects in the lens of the eye caused by the mother's exposure to german measles during pregnancy
Rubella
91
very rare disorder where all the processes fuse
together resulting in no mouth formation
Aprosopus
92
origin and development of the teeth
Odontogenesis
93
Tooth development starts at ___ week of embryonic life
6-6 ½
94
the tooth development is initiated by the development of what cells
ectodermal and ectomesenchyme
95
what develops at week 3-4
head, neck, and face
96
What week will the tongue develop
4th week
97
3 Primordia of All Organs
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
98
___ week, primitive streak (most conspicuous structure) will appear and will cause the formation of the depression at
the center of the ectodermal germ layer to form the neural groove.
3rd
99
future notochord
neural tube
100
will meet at the center resulting to the neural
tube
neural folds
101
will have in folding on either side of the
depression to form the neural folds
neural groove
102
Remnants of the formation, the ectodermal cells will persist and will now be placed at the mesodermal germ layer
Neural crest cells
103
neural crest cells will become the _____
ectomesenchyme
104
a cavity forms in the morula
blastocoel
105
Cavity lined with ectoderm
amniotic cavity
106
cavity line with endoderm
yolk sac
107
embryoblast cells forms a flat structure called
Bilaminar embryonic disc
108
A process where by a spermatozoon undergoes capacitation and an acrosomal reaction to fuse with an oocyte to produce a diploid nucleas or zygote
fertilization
109
the primodia of all major external and internal structure are established during ___ period
embryonic
110
the shape of the embryo changes into a distinctly human appearance during what week
8th
111
embryonic period weeks
3rd to 8th weeks
112
Differentiation of the 3 germ layers
from which all tissues and organs
develop
Gastrulation
113
the appearance of the primary streak, formation of notochord, gastrulation and beginning of morphogenesis happens during the ___ week of the ___ period
3rd week of the embryonic period
114
Results from the
migration of epiblastic
cells to the median plane
of the embryonic disc
primitive streak
115
As the primitive streak elongates by
addition of cells to its
caudal end, its cranial
end proliferates to form the
primitive node
116
Localized thickening of the epiblast at
the caudal end of the embryonic disc
primitive streak
117
Invagination of the
epiblastic cells form the
primitive streak give to
mesenchymal cells
formation of the mesoderm
118
____ form produced by the primitive
streak organize into the
third germ layer, the
intraembryonic mesoderm
mesenchymal cells
119
A process whereby the bilaminar embryonic disc undergoes reorganization to form a trilaminar disc
gastrulation
120
Arising from the primitive node,
mesenchymal cells form the ______ , which extends
cranially
notochordal process
121
Primitive pit extends into the
notochordal process forms the
notochordal canal
122
Notochordal process extends
from the primitive node to the
prechordal plate
123
Openings develop in the floor of the notochordal canal & soon coalesce, leaving a
notochordal plate
124
Infolding of the notochordal plate forms the notochord
primtive gut
125
Major event that begins at the end
of the third week
neurulation
126
formation of the neural plate and neural tube
neurulation
