Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

nur 112 > Preoperative Nutrition > Flashcards

Preoperative Nutrition Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Protein labs

normal values

A

Normal = 6.4 – 8.3 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Albumin labs

A

Normal = 3.5-5 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pre-albumin

Pre-albumin is better because:

statevules

A

Normal = 15-36 mg/dL (adult)

it reflects acute changes quicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transferrin ( females |males) * TWOOOOO*

A

Normal Values:

males 215-365 mg/dL

females 250-380 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transferrin is also a better test for ___________status than albumin because it responds to decreased protein levels more rapidly than albumin.

A

nutritional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transferrin is a trace protein that

A

transports iron from the GI tract into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mild:

Albumin

Pre-albumin

Transferrin

A

2.8-3.4

10-15

150-200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Moderate

Albumin

Pre-albumin

Transferrin

A

2.1-2.7

5-9

100-149

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Severe

Albumin

Pre-albumin

Transferrin

A

< 2.1

< 5

< 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Question: Which of the following lab values suggest protein deficiency for an acutely ill patient?

a. Serum albumin 3.5 g/dL
b. Serum prealbumin 5 mg/dL
c. Serum albumin 4.5 g/dL
d. Serum protein 6.5 mg/dL

A

a. Normal albumin level is 3.5-5 g/dL
b. Normal prealbumin level is 15-36 mg/dL 🡪 5 mg/dL is too LOW!
c. Normal albumin is 3.5-5 g/dL
d.Normal protein level is 6.4-8.3 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______detects rapid changes so it reflects acute changes. __________is a good measurement for long-term nutritional status since it takes longer to breakdown in the body.

A

Prealbumin

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Normal

A

Normal 10-20 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Creatinine
Female normal =
Male normal =

A

Creatinine
Female normal = 0.5 – 1.1 mg/dl
Male normal = 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ZINC - (Essential for)

A

Protein synthesis
Wound healing
Normal lymphocyte and phagocyte response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IRON - Essential for:
State sources=

A

Replacement from blood loss
Hgb
Best Sources: Spinach, Lentils, soybeans, cashews, Duck, Goose, Wheat germ & Beef

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin C - Essential for:
( gm/day)

A

Collagen Synthesis/wound healing
Capillary formation
Tissue synthesis
Antibody formation
Antioxidant to prevent tissue damage from inflammation
1-2 gm/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vitamin K - Essential for: (3)

A

Blood clotting
Intestinal synthesis
Prothrombin time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vitamin A - Essential for:

A

Tissue synthesis
Wound healing/epithelialization
Immune Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thiamine =
Niacin =
Riboflavin =
= pyridoxine

A

Thiamine = B 1
Niacin = B 3
Riboflavin = B2
B 6 = pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thiamine, niacin and Riboflavin are members of the B vitamin family Requirements for all 3 of these increase __________.

A

as metabolic rate increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________ is a disease due to niacin deficiency.

A

Pellagra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pellagra you should remember the 4 D’s:

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

K-

A

40 – 80 meq/day

Replace loss with excretion or GI suction
Prevent ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Magnesium:

A

Replace loss with GI suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Na, CL, & K - Essential to:
Restore loss from diarrhea, vomiting, perspiration, diuresis, renal failure, drainage Prevent electrolyte imbalance
26
Folic acid, Vitamin B12 - Essential for: ( think about DEVELOPMENT)
Tissue synthesis Maturation RBC Increased need because certain antibiotics cause malabsorption
27
Inflammatory Phase
3-5 days Homeostasis and phagocytosis
28
Granulation Phase
5-28 days Fibroblasts synthesize Collagen increases Eschar
29
Maturation Phase & Scar Contraction
7 days – several months or years Fibroblasts continue Wound is remodeled Scar becomes stronger
30
Nitrogen balance ( what should it be )
Protein In = Protein Out
31
Anabolism - Ex: tissue growth, recovery from surg. ( kind of nitrogen )
↑ protein = + nitrogen balance
32
Catabolism - Ex: surgery, burns, trauma
↓ protein= ‒ nitrogen balance
33
hypermetabolic
state with stress to body
34
hypermetabolic Stress includes:
any threat to homeostasis . Accidents, Burns, Infection Musculoskeletal injury Soft tissue damage Anesthesia, anxiety, pain Any threat to equilibrium
35
Circulating fluid volume r/t hypermetabolic stress ( think about urine)
ADH & aldosterone secreted, so Na is retained, K excreted to maintain plasma volume & osmolarity, urine output decreased, extracellular fluid retained
36
Glucose to brain rt hypermetabolic stress ( what two things I stimulated )
glucocorticoids and catecholamine stimulate release of glucose from liver, glycogen from muscles and also stimulate fatty acids from fat cells that suppress the release of insulin
37
Energy r/t catabolic state
fatty acids released used for energy, blood sugar elevated, insulin secretion decreased, breakdown of ketones, decreased appetite
38
Nutrients r/t catabolic state
Negative nitrogen balance, erosion of muscle mass, blood proteins, enzymes, antibodies, collagen to provide nutrients for wound healing
39
Nursing assessments that indicate catabolic state: ( flight or fight)
Decreased bowel sounds/peristalsis Vasoconstriction- cool, pale skin, low BP Elevated blood glucose I>O, Urine retention, edema Hypernatremia, hypokalemia
40
Anabolic Phase
Begins when basic units no longer needed for energy, rebuilding phase Loss of H2O & NA causes diuresis, I
41
Fat Gain Phase
Final phase lasting 2-3 months Fat lost during catabolism is regained Immobility may lead to obesity May need additional nutritional support
42
Healthy adults are in__________nitrogen balance Positive balance is when________ Negative balance is when _________
Healthy adults are in neutral nitrogen balance Positive balance is when protein synthesis exceeds breakdown (growth, pregnancy, recovery from injury) Negative balance is when catabolism exceeds synthesis (starvation or catabolic phase after injury)
43
Osmolarity of feeding:
Based on the # of sugars, Amino acids, & electrolytes in formula
44
________ same as blood, well tolerated
Isotonic, same as blood, well tolerated
45
________ higher concentration, poorly tolerated, dumping syndrome run slowly
Hypertonic
46
dumping syndrome ( s/s, state nursing interventions)
the stomach empties to the small intestine more quickly than it should. causing n/v, diaphoresis /distention/cramps/weakness/dizziness RUN SLOWY!
47
NG tube ( advantages)
Short term: < 6 weeks Advantages Easy to place (and remove) Uses stomach as a reservoir Flexible feeding schedule ↓ risk of dumping syndrome over NI tube
48
NG tube (Disadvantage)
↑ risk of aspiration Irritation nose, mouth, esophagus Easily displaced or pulled out Not for long term use
49
Nasoenteric (Advantages)
↓ risk of aspiration Impaired gag, swallow reflexes/decreased consciousness
50
Nasoenteric (Disadvantages)
↑risk of dumping syndrome ( bc right into small intestine) Only for slow continuous feeds Not for long term use
51
GASTROSTOMY ( advantages/ disadvantages)
Uses stomach as a reservoir Flexible feeding schedule ↓ risk of dumping syndrome over NI tube More aesthetic for patient ↓ risk of misplacement in airway Disadvantages Risk for peritonitis Stoma care
52
Jejunostomy ( advantages vs disadvantages)
Advantages ↓ risk of aspiration Disadvantages Risk for peritonitis Stoma care Only for slow continuous feeds
53
A duodenostomy is used as a feeding site. T or F?
NOT used as a feeding site because the duodenum swings toward the back of the body and is not easily accessible.
54
Intermittent feeding involves administration of EN over_______minutes every______hours via pump assist or gravity assist
20–60 4 to 6 hours
55
PPN-
Isotonic solution, delivers 1020 calories/L 10% glucose, 5% AA, TE, MVI 500ml fat added (lipid solution) Total=2620cal/L
56
TPN-
hypertonic solution, delivers 2550 calories/L
57
PPN-Recommended for Pts. who:
Need short term use (7-10 days) Do not need more 2000-2500 cal/day Need oral supplements it is given when the patient can not receive their nutrition orally and we are waiting for a central line or for enteral access.
58
TPN recommended
Have long term need Can not consume oral or enteral products Need nutritional supplements D/T Cancer, AIDS, Acute Renal Failure (ARF),Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF), bone marrow transplant Have extensive trauma, burns, GI problems Have weigh loss of 10% or more
59
TPN Complications
Catheter related problems; embolus, pneumothorax, sepsis etc. Dehydration Hyper & hypoglycemia Electrolyte imbalance Fat deposited in liver, elevated triglycerides ( risk for pts with severe hyperlipidemia) Allergic reaction to lipids
60
Nursing Assessments: | for tpn
Insulin (Rainbow) coverage q6h Vs q4h I/O, Weight Electrolytes, CBC, protein, Liver enzymes, triglyceride, hepatic & renal function S&S infection ( bc its sm sugar) , fluid overload, breath sounds S&S of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia Chest pain, back pain
61
Administration of: Fats-alone or 3:1
Fats-alone or 3:1 Milky white; Special tubing with filter/glass bottle/ yellowish color Administer slowly -8-12 hours or as per policy
62
Contraindications for TPN lipid
Severe egg allergy liver disease, atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, coagulation disorders, weak veins fluid restrictions, fat metabolism disorders
63
S/S of Lipid Reaction:
Cyanosis, fever chills back/chest pain, dyspnea palpitations, tachypnea, wheezing, nausea, blurred vision, bad taste in mouth
64
PO Clear Liquid- Full Liquid= Soft House/Regular-
PO (ice) (Doctor may order ice chips, however, risk of aspiration) Clear Liquid-Provides energy/fluid Min. digestion(p.243) / ;liquid at room temp/ shine light through(jello) Full Liquid = ncludes liquid foods that are more nutritious than simple tea or broth. Soft-A soft diet is a recommended diet for certain gastrointestinal pathologies. It is a low-fiber diet, smooth in texture, and easy to chew/ digest House/Regular-Regular Diets, also called normal or house diets, are used to maintain or achieve the highest level of nutrition in patients who do not have special needs related to illness or injury. Regular house diet provides 70-80 gm protein, 100 gm fat, 200 gm CHO
65
NPO
Low residue Low fat clear liquid Calorie reduction Calorie enhanced * Bowel prep
66
Clear Liquid Diet
Short term Clear and liquid @ room temp 400-500 cal Deficient in calories and most nutrients Inadequate for hypermetabolic state Bouillon high in Na Examples- tea, ginger ale, popsicle, Jell-O, apple juice, broth
67
Full Liquid Diet
Easily digested and consumed High in cholesterol, dairy Custard, ice cream, cream of wheat
68
Soft Diet
Transition diet Low residue- easily digested Low in spice Low cellulose and connective tissue- easier to chew Tough foods restricted
69
LIVER ENZYME TEST FUNCTIONS
ALP/ AST/ALT
70
Medications added to parenteral nutrition
- insulin = prevent hyperglycemia - heparin = prevtn fibrin build-up - prebiotic/ glutamine

nur 112 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions