Preparing For V300 Course

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

The study of how drugs affect the body, including mechanisms of action.

Question 3

Therapeutic Index

Answer 3

Ratio between toxic dose and therapeutic dose; a measure of drug safety.

Question 4

Bioavailability

Answer 4

The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation and is able to have an effect.

Question 5

Half-life

Answer 5

Time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by half.

Question 6

Agonist

Answer 6

A drug that binds to and activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

Question 7

Antagonist

Answer 7

A drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to a receptor.

Question 8

First-pass metabolism

Answer 8

Drug metabolism that occurs in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

Question 9

BNF

Answer 9

British National Formulary; a reference for prescribing and pharmacology.

Question 10

PGD

Answer 10

Patient Group Direction; allows some healthcare professionals to supply/administer medicines.

Question 11

Yellow Card Scheme

Answer 11

MHRA reporting system for suspected adverse drug reactions.

Question 12

Front

Answer 12

Back

Question 13

Prodrug

Answer 13

A medication that is administered in an inactive form and is metabolized into an active form.

Question 14

Tolerance

Answer 14

A reduced response to a drug after repeated use, requiring higher doses for the same effect.

Question 15

Enzyme Induction

Answer 15

An increase in enzyme activity that reduces drug concentration.

Question 16

Enzyme Inhibition

Answer 16

A decrease in enzyme activity that increases drug concentration.

Question 17

Therapeutic Range

Answer 17

The plasma drug concentration range that provides efficacy without toxicity.

Question 18

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Answer 18

Any unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following drug administration.

Question 19

Black Triangle Drugs

Answer 19

Medicines under additional monitoring; report all suspected ADRs.

Question 20

SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics)

Answer 20

Official document providing drug details for prescribers.

Question 21

Controlled Drugs (CDs)

Answer 21

Drugs subject to stricter legal controls due to misuse potential.

Question 22

Schedule 2 Drug

Answer 22

High-risk CD (e.g., morphine); requires storage, record keeping.

Question 23

Off-label Prescribing

Answer 23

Use of a drug for an unlicensed indication or age group.

Question 24

Independent Prescriber

Answer 24

A healthcare professional licensed to prescribe without supervision.

Question 25

Supplementary Prescriber

Answer 25

Prescribes within a clinical management plan in agreement with an IP.

Question 26

NMC Code

Answer 26

Standards of practice and behavior for nurses/midwives by the NMC.

Question 27

Consent to Treatment

Answer 27

Legal requirement to ensure patient agreement before treatment.

Question 28

Front

Answer 28

Back

Question 29

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 29

Lower blood pressure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (e.g., ramipril).

Question 30

Beta Blockers

Answer 30

Reduce heart rate and BP by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors (e.g., atenolol).

Question 31

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 31

Relax blood vessels and reduce heart workload (e.g., amlodipine).

Question 32

Loop Diuretics

Answer 32

Increase urine output by acting on the loop of Henle (e.g., furosemide).

Question 33

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 33

Act on distal tubules to reduce blood pressure (e.g., bendroflumethiazide).

Question 34

Statins

Answer 34

Lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (e.g., simvastatin).

Question 35

Warfarin

Answer 35

Vitamin K antagonist used for anticoagulation; requires INR monitoring.

Question 36

DOACs

Answer 36

Direct Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., apixaban) used to prevent clots with fewer monitoring needs.

Question 37

Penicillins

Answer 37

Beta-lactam antibiotics used for bacterial infections (e.g., amoxicillin).

Question 38

Macrolides

Answer 38

Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (e.g., erythromycin).

Question 39

Cephalosporins

Answer 39

Broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cefalexin).

Question 40

Tetracyclines

Answer 40

Broad-spectrum antibiotics; avoid in pregnancy (e.g., doxycycline).

Question 41

Antivirals

Answer 41

Inhibit viral replication (e.g., aciclovir for HSV infections).

Question 42

Vaccines

Answer 42

Stimulate immune response to prevent infections (e.g., influenza vaccine).

Question 43

Insulin

Answer 43

Hormone that regulates blood glucose; essential in type 1 diabetes.

Question 44

Metformin

Answer 44

First-line oral antidiabetic; improves insulin sensitivity.

Question 45

Levothyroxine

Answer 45

Synthetic thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism.

Question 46

Corticosteroids

Answer 46

Anti-inflammatory drugs; long-term use risks include osteoporosis (e.g., prednisolone).

Question 47

HRT

Answer 47

Hormone Replacement Therapy used to treat menopausal symptoms.