V300 Topics

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.

Question 3

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

The study of how drugs affect the body, including mechanisms of action.

Question 4

Therapeutic Index

Answer 4

Ratio between toxic dose and therapeutic dose; a measure of drug safety.

Question 5

Bioavailability

Answer 5

The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation and is able to have an effect.

Question 6

Half-life

Answer 6

Time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by half.

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

A drug that binds to and activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

A drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to a receptor.

Question 9

First-pass metabolism

Answer 9

Drug metabolism that occurs in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

Question 10

BNF

Answer 10

British National Formulary; a reference for prescribing and pharmacology.

Question 11

PGD

Answer 11

Patient Group Direction; allows some healthcare professionals to supply/administer medicines.

Question 12

Yellow Card Scheme

Answer 12

MHRA reporting system for suspected adverse drug reactions.

Question 13

Prodrug

Answer 13

A medication that is administered in an inactive form and is metabolized into an active form.

Question 14

Tolerance

Answer 14

A reduced response to a drug after repeated use, requiring higher doses for the same effect.

Question 15

Enzyme Induction

Answer 15

An increase in enzyme activity that reduces drug concentration.

Question 16

Enzyme Inhibition

Answer 16

A decrease in enzyme activity that increases drug concentration.

Question 17

Therapeutic Range

Answer 17

The plasma drug concentration range that provides efficacy without toxicity.

Question 18

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

Answer 18

Any unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following drug administration.

Question 19

Black Triangle Drugs

Answer 19

Medicines under additional monitoring; report all suspected ADRs.

Question 20

SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics)

Answer 20

Official document providing drug details for prescribers.

Question 21

Controlled Drugs (CDs)

Answer 21

Drugs subject to stricter legal controls due to misuse potential.

Question 22

Schedule 2 Drug

Answer 22

High-risk CD (e.g., morphine); requires storage, record keeping.

Question 23

Off-label Prescribing

Answer 23

Use of a drug for an unlicensed indication or age group.

Question 24

Independent Prescriber

Answer 24

A healthcare professional licensed to prescribe without supervision.

Question 25

Supplementary Prescriber

Answer 25

Prescribes within a clinical management plan in agreement with an IP.

Question 26

NMC Code

Answer 26

Standards of practice and behavior for nurses/midwives by the NMC.

Question 27

Consent to Treatment

Answer 27

Legal requirement to ensure patient agreement before treatment.

Question 28

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 28

Lower blood pressure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (e.g., ramipril).

Question 29

Beta Blockers

Answer 29

Reduce heart rate and BP by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors (e.g., atenolol).

Question 30

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 30

Relax blood vessels and reduce heart workload (e.g., amlodipine).

Question 31

Loop Diuretics

Answer 31

Increase urine output by acting on the loop of Henle (e.g., furosemide).

Question 32

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 32

Act on distal tubules to reduce blood pressure (e.g., bendroflumethiazide).

Question 33

Statins

Answer 33

Lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (e.g., simvastatin).

Question 34

Warfarin

Answer 34

Vitamin K antagonist used for anticoagulation; requires INR monitoring.

Question 35

DOACs

Answer 35

Direct Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., apixaban) used to prevent clots with fewer monitoring needs.

Question 36

Penicillins

Answer 36

Beta-lactam antibiotics used for bacterial infections (e.g., amoxicillin).

Question 37

Macrolides

Answer 37

Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (e.g., erythromycin).

Question 38

Cephalosporins

Answer 38

Broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cefalexin).

Question 39

Tetracyclines

Answer 39

Broad-spectrum antibiotics; avoid in pregnancy (e.g., doxycycline).

Question 40

Antivirals

Answer 40

Inhibit viral replication (e.g., aciclovir for HSV infections).

Question 41

Vaccines

Answer 41

Stimulate immune response to prevent infections (e.g., influenza vaccine).

Question 42

Insulin

Answer 42

Hormone that regulates blood glucose; essential in type 1 diabetes.

Question 43

Metformin

Answer 43

First-line oral antidiabetic; improves insulin sensitivity.

Question 44

Levothyroxine

Answer 44

Synthetic thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism.

Question 45

Corticosteroids

Answer 45

Anti-inflammatory drugs; long-term use risks include osteoporosis (e.g., prednisolone).

Question 46

HRT

Answer 46

Hormone Replacement Therapy used to treat menopausal symptoms.

Question 47

Convert 1000 mg to g

Answer 47

1 g

Question 48

Convert 0.5 g to mg

Answer 48

500 mg

Question 49

Convert 250 mcg to mg

Answer 49

0.25 mg

Question 50

Convert 2 mg to mcg

Answer 50

2000 mcg

Question 51

Convert 500 mL to L

Answer 51

0.5 L

Question 52

Convert 1.5 L to mL

Answer 52

1500 mL

Question 53

What is 1% solution in mg/mL?

Answer 53

10 mg/mL

Question 54

What is 0.1% solution in mg/mL?

Answer 54

1 mg/mL

Question 55

How many mg/mL is a 2% solution?

Answer 55

20 mg/mL

Question 56

Convert 0.025 g to mg

Answer 56

25 mg

Question 57

Convert 0.0025 g to mcg

Answer 57

2500 mcg

Question 58

Convert 1.25 L to mL

Answer 58

1250 mL

Question 59

Formula: Dose = ?

Answer 59

Dose = Strength x Volume

Question 60

If a drug is 250 mg/5 mL, how much for a 500 mg dose?

Answer 60

10 mL

Question 61

How many mL are needed for a 125 mg dose from 250 mg/5 mL?

Answer 61

2.5 mL

Question 62

Patient needs 0.6 mg; stock is 300 mcg/mL. Volume to give?

Answer 62

2 mL

Question 63

Child weighing 20 kg needs 5 mg/kg. Total dose?

Answer 63

100 mg

Question 64

Give 1 mg/kg for 15 kg child. Stock = 10 mg/mL. Volume?

Answer 64

1.5 mL

Question 65

IV fluid rate: 1000 mL over 8 hours. mL/hour?

Answer 65

125 mL/hour

Question 66

IV fluid rate: 500 mL over 4 hours. mL/hour?

Answer 66

125 mL/hour

Question 67

Infuse 250 mL over 2 hours using 20 drops/mL set. Drops/min?

Answer 67

42 drops/min

Question 68

Give 100 mL over 30 mins. Set = 15 drops/mL. Drops/min?

Answer 68

50 drops/min

Question 69

Infuse 2 L over 24 hours. mL/hour?

Answer 69

83.3 mL/hour

Question 70

Patient to receive 1 g drug in 100 mL over 30 mins. mL/min?

Answer 70

3.33 mL/min