Prequiz questions Flashcards by Lisa Shorter

Which would not affect an individual’s estimated energy requirment.

ethnicity

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Which order are ingredients listed on a food label.

Largest to smallest by weight

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In a healthy adult gastointestinal transit time is

24-72 hours

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The one purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to

Activate the enzyme pepsin

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Into which transport network do fat-soluble substances enter immediately after absorption

The lympathic system

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The cellular organelle responsible for breaking down molecules to obtain energy is

Mitochondria

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In addition to its role in digestion and absorption, the gastointestinal tract contains tissue that is part of the

Immune system

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Gastoesphoageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that results from excessive hydrochloric acid entering the small intestine

False

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Bile a substance produced in the liver is stored in the pancrease

False

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What is the name of the rhythmatic contraction that propel food through the GI tract

Perstalisis

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What order does the organization of living things proceed

Atoms, molecules, cells and tissues

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The endorcince system secretes chemical messengers call ____ that aid in the digestive process

Hormones

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Almost all digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in what organ

Small intestine

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Which organ makes bile

Liver

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Does digestion begin in the mouth

True

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Food entering the stomach sends a signal to the brain to release_____ which triggers the release of gastric juice

Gastrin

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Which vitamins is synthesized in the large intestine

Vitamin K

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Antigens are released by lymphocytes when an invading substance enters the lumen of the gastointestinal tract

False

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Which 4 foods are likely to cause allergic reactions

Nuts, milk, soy and wheat

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The kidney is the primary site for the excretion of metabolic wastes

True

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The process of breaking food into components small enough to be absorbed is called

Digestion

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Mucosal cells live for only two to five days

True

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Mucosal cells have high nutrient requirement

True

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Dead mucosal cells are eliminated in the urine

False

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When nutrients are deficient production of mucosal cells is affected

True

The digestive secretion that lubricates, moistens and protects cells from harsh environment is

Mucus

``` Which of the following would have the greatest effect on the digestion and absorption of fats? dentures gallstones peptic ulcer GERD ```

Gallstones

Which of the following nutrients is not directly absorbed into the capillaries cholesterol single sugars amino acids the water soluble products of fat digestion

Cholesterol

``` The cramping that can occur when exercising after eating a big meal is most likely: the spices in the meal inadequate blood flow to the muscles inadequate blood flow to the abdomen inadequate blood for to the heart ```

Inadequate blood flow to the abdoment

After absorption into cells nutrients can be used for energy

True

Ribosomes are organs that break down molecules and release energy

False

The series of reactions that occurs during energy production is called a metabolic pathway

True

After absorption into cells nutrients can be used to synthesize structural molecules

True

``` Which of the following cannot be made from fatty acids glucose body fat cell membranes regulatory molecules ```

Glucose

``` Which health supplement could directly regenerate ATP Vit B3 Amino acids Latobacillus acidphilus Creatine monophosphate ```

Creatine monophosphate

The kneecap is _____ to the leg

Superior

The epidermis is ______ to the dermis

Superficial

``` A comminuted fracture has bone that is crushed has bone that is impacted breaks bone into many fragments breaks bone incompletely ```

Breaks bone into many fragments

A synovial joint has bone ends covered in articular cartilage has bone ends united by cartilage has bone ends untied by collagen fibers

Has bone ends covered in articular cartilage

``` Skeletal muscle uses these 2 fibers to link and pull in contraction action & a myofibril acting & sarcoplasmic reticulum myosin & a thick filament actin & myosin ```

Actin and myosin

``` What best describes a smooth muscle striated and voluntary striated and involuntary unstriated and involutary instriated and voluntary ```

Unstriated and involuntary

``` The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function is anatomy homeostatsis metabolism physiology ```

Physiology

``` The study of the shape and structure of body parts anatomy homeostasis metabolism physioology ```

Anatomy

``` The tendency of the body's systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment: catabolism homeostasis metabolism physiology ```

Homeostasis

Gastrointestinal function is regulated by external stimuli

False

Gastrointestinal function is regulated by hormones

True

Gastrointestinal function is regulated by nerve signals

True

``` The body's defense against foreign substances includes all of the following except antigens phagocytes lymphocytes antibodies ```

Antigens

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase

True

Large meals leave the stomach faster than small meals

False

A mostly liquid meal stays in the stomach longer than a solid meal

False

Protein leaves the stomach faster than any other nutrient

False

Fat remains in the stomach the longest

True

``` The pancreas secretes enzymes and bicarbonate secretes bile helps primarily in fat digestion is not really involved in the digestion process ```

Secretes enzyme and bicarbonate

Intestinal microflora can cause gas

True

Intestinal microflora are permanent, benefiical residents of the GI tract

True

Intestinal microflora synthesize small amounts of fatty acids, some B vitamins and vitamin K

True

``` A chronic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak back up into the esophagus causing pain and damaging the esophagus is called an ulcer gastroesophageal reflux disease gallstones esophageal hernia ```

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

The lymphatic system absorbs all nutrients fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein no nutrients

Fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein.

Catabolic pathways result in the production of adenosine triphosphate

True

Coenzymes are not important in metabolism

False

Adenosine triphosphate contains low energy chemical bonds

False

Anabolic pathways result in the breakdown of substances

False

``` Which of the following are included in the endocrine system brain, spinal cord lymph, white blood cells kidneys, testes, ovaries pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas ```

Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas

Digestion is the best term to describe the process of breaking food into components small enough to be aborbed

True

``` Which absorption mechanism requires no energy to move substances down their concentration osmosis facilitated diffusion simple diffusion active transport ```

Simple diffusion

``` Digestive system changes such as swallowing difficulty, decreased taste, tooth decay, atrophic gastritis, and constipation are associated with what life stage aging infancy pregnancy adolescents ```

Aging

``` Which of the following provide dietary fuel to produce ATP fats, carbs, minerals carbs, proteins, fats fats, carbs, vitamins vitamins, fats, minerals ```

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats

``` Water, metabolic waste products and excess minerals are eliminated from the body through which route feces exhales air kidneys lungs and skin ```

Kidneys

A ball of chewed food mixed with saliva is called Bolus

True

Involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements push contents canal forward

Peristalsis

Enteral feeding methods provide all needed nutrients directly into the circulatory system

False

Nutrients enter the blood stream only through hepatic portal circulation

False

The thin capillary walls allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and cells

True

The liver acts as a gatekeeper between substances absorbed from the intestine and the rest of the body

True

The cytoplasma is the cellular organelle responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP for cellular activity

False

The reactions that break down carb, fats and proteins in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP are called cellular respiration

True

Prequiz questions Flashcards

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