Presentations and Associations

Question 1

4 week old male infant presents with new onset regurgitation, projectile, nonbilious vomiting after feeding

Answer 1

pyloric stenosis

Question 2

pyloric stenosis is associated with

Answer 2

turner syndrome and trisomy 18,

erythromycin and azithromycin exposure

Question 3

newborn fails to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. constipation is noted . with visible, ineffective peristalsis that continues to abdominal distension and bilious vomiting

Answer 3

hirschsprung disease

Question 4

hirschsprung disease is associated with

Answer 4

down syndrome and RET gene mutations

Question 5

esophageal mucosal webs are associated with

Answer 5

women older than 40 
ge refulux 
chronic graft vs host disease 
blistering skin disease 
iron deficiency anemia 
glossitis 
cheliosis 
paterson-brown-kelly 
plummer-vinson syndrome

Question 6

40= yo woman presents with nonprogressive dysphagia and iron deficency anemia, what does she have

Answer 6

esophageal mucosal webs

ass. with plummer vinson in this scenario

Question 7

pt presents with dysphagia for solids and liquids, difficulty burping, chest pain

Answer 7

achalasia

Question 8

achalasia is associated with

Answer 8

chagas disease 
diabetic autoimmune neuropathy 
malignancy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, lesions of the dorsal motor nuclei 
down dsyndrome
allgrove (triple a) syndrome 
HSV

Question 9

pt presents with hematemasis after a night of binge drinking
endoscopy reveals superficial esophageal lacerations

Answer 9

mallory-weiss tears

Question 10

severe chest pain, tachypnea, and shock after a night of binge drinking

Answer 10

boerhaave syndrome

Question 11

most common cause of esophagitis

Answer 11

reflux esophagitis

Question 12

40+ obese drinker/smoker presents iwth heartburn, dysphagia and sour taste upon burping

Answer 12

GERD

Question 13

associations for GERD

Answer 13

tobacco/alcohol use 
40+
obesity 
CNS depressant use 
pregnancy 
hiatal hernia 
delayed gastric emptying/increased gastric volume

Question 14

complications of GERD

Answer 14

ulceration
hematemasis
melena
stricture development
Barrett esophagus

Question 15

child with GERD like symptoms, large number of intraepithelial eosinophils on endoscopy

Answer 15

eosinophilic esophagitis

Question 16

55 yo known alcoholic presents to ER with symptoms of shock. Dilated umbilical veins are noted while placing leads. Hemorrhage of what lead to his hypovolemic state

Answer 16

esophageal varices

Question 17

50yo caucasian male with a history of GERD presents for a follow up endoscopy, where it is noted there is a transition from squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium above the GE junction, with the latter containing cells with distinctive pale blue vacuoles on H&E stain
what does he have

Answer 17

barrett esophagus

cells are goblet cells

Question 18

60 yo caucasian male with a hx of tobacco and alcohol use presents with CC of difficult, painful swallowing. During his hx he admits he has unintentionally lost 20 lbs in last 2 months. what does he have/

Answer 18

adenocarcinoma

Question 19

risk factors associated with adenocarcinoma

Answer 19

Barrett esophagus 
tobacco/alcohol
diet low in fruits/veggies 
caucasian 
male

Question 20

most common cause of chronic gastritis

Answer 20

H pylori infection