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GI 2 Midterm > Terminology Refresher > Flashcards

Terminology Refresher Flashcards

1
Q

absence of secretion of bile

A

acholic

acholic stools are white clay colored stools in cholelitheiasis

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2
Q

fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally

A

adhesions

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3
Q

general accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and body cavities

A

anasarca

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4
Q

lack of appetite

A

anorexia

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5
Q

small ulcer on a mucous membrane

A

aphthous/aphthoid

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6
Q

abnormal passageway between aorta and esophagus

A

aortoesophageal fistula

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7
Q

a group of symptoms accompanying fulminant pulmonary edema and resulting acute respiratory failure

A

acute respiratory distresssyndrome (ARDS)

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8
Q

pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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9
Q

hand flapping associagted with hepatic encephalopathy

A

asterixis

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10
Q

hypersensitivity state, tendency to develop allergic diseases, heightened immune responses to common allergens

A

atopy (atopic)

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11
Q

depressed bone marrow production of two cell lines (anemia and thrombocytopenia, normal WBCs)

A

bicytopenia

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12
Q

a firm lump felt in the perirectal pouch on rectal examination, it is a rare physical finding in patients with METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA of the stomach

A

Blumer shelf

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13
Q

a rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines

A

borborygmi

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14
Q

endoscope of the trachea and bronchus

A

bronchoscopy

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15
Q

a profound and marked state of constitutional disorder; general ill health or malnutrition

A

cachexia

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16
Q

stoppage or suppression of bile flow, d/t factors within (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic)

A

cholestasis

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17
Q

tetany, tap of facial nerve and get facial twitching, sign of hypocalcemia

A

chvostek sign

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18
Q

chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

A

cirrhosis

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19
Q

acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

A

colic

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20
Q

enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

A

courvoisier’s sign

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21
Q

ecchymosis around the umbilicus (periumbilical) secondary to intra-abdominal

A

cullen sign

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22
Q

a peptic ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns

A

curling ulcer (stress ulcer)

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23
Q

peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions to the CNS

A

cushing ulcer

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24
Q

dysplasia-associated lesion/mass - acronym for increased incidence of colorectal cancer with ulcerative colitis

A

DALM

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25
Q

unhealthy change in normal bacterial ecology of part of the body

A

dysbiosis

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26
Q

general term for a group of GI disorders characterized by inflammation of the intestines, particularly the colon. characteristic features include abdominal pain or cramps, straining at stool (tenesmus) and frequent passage of watery diarrhea orstools containing blood and mucus

A

dysentery

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27
Q

postprandial epigastric discomfort

A

dyspepsia

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28
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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29
Q

abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells

A

dysplasia

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30
Q

having no teeth

A

edentulous

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31
Q

repeatedly having bowel movements in places other than the toilet after the age when bowel control can normally be expected

A

encopresis

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32
Q

a disease of the intestinal tract (e.g. gluten or protein losing)

A

enteropathy

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33
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP

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34
Q

expulsion of swallowed air aka burping

A

eructation

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35
Q

endoscopic ultrasound

A

EUS

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36
Q

a peculiar foul-smelling odor of the breath characteristic of hepatic disease (caused by volatile aromatic substances that accumulate in the blood and urine d/t defective hepatic metabolism)

A

fetor hepaticus

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37
Q

diagnostic method in which a thin 18-23 gauge needle is used to suck in cells or tissue bits for diagnosis; the sites selected for fine needle aspiration are often guided by radiologists with fluoroscopy, CT, MRI

A

fine needle aspiration

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38
Q

abnormal passageway between two organs

A

fistula

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39
Q

a long narrow opening, crack or cleft: can be a normal groove or furrow (brain or lung) or abnormal break in the skin producing a crack like sore or ulcer

A

fissure

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40
Q

gas or air in the GI tract expelled through the anus .

A

flatus

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41
Q

inflammation of the stomach when distinctive histologic and endoscopic features (3 categories)

A

gastritis

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42
Q

gamma-glutamyl transferase, used to determine the cause fo elevated ALP
if GGT and ALP are both elevated = liver disease
if ALP is elevated but GGT is normal = other (usually bone)

A

GGT

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43
Q

foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not interfere with swallowing and sometimes is relieved by swallowing
often occurs in the setting of anxiety or OCD

A

Globus pharyngeus

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44
Q

flank ecchymosis secondary to intra-abdominal hemorrhage

A

grey turner sign

45
Q

protective response in muscle resulting from pain or fear of movement, voluntary versus involuntary

A

guarding

46
Q

a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard over the precordium mainly during systole and particularly in the left decubitus position, and in many ocasions associated with muffling of heart sounds

A

hamman’s sign

47
Q

pt supine, doc strikes pt heel. pain upon striking might indicate appendicitis/peritonitis

A

heel strike

48
Q

vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

49
Q

passage of bright red blood or marron stools

A

hematochezia

50
Q

general term used to describe a bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it

A

hernia

51
Q

pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with knee flexed) indicative of DVT

A

homan’s sign

52
Q

yellowish staining of the integument, sclera, and deeper tissues and of the excretions with bile pigments, which are increased in plasma

A

icterus (jaundice)

53
Q

pt flexes hip against resistance - increased abdominal pain is a positive test

A

iliopsoas muscle test

54
Q

hernia in which the constriction through defect cannot be easily reduced. circulation still intact

A

incarcerated hernia

55
Q

plain abdominal x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

KUB xray

56
Q

gastric carcinoma that has metastasized to the ovary

A

krukenberg tumor

57
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome, sudden eruption of multiple seborrheic keratosis caused by a malignancy (can occur with malignant ancanthosis nigricans) think underlying visceral cancer

A

leser-trelat sign

58
Q

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, d/t presence of blood altered by digestion

A

melena

59
Q

lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle

A

mittelschmerz

60
Q

magnetic resonance cholagniopancreatography

A

MRCP

61
Q

clinical symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (hematuria, hypertension, renal failure)

A

nephritic syndrome

62
Q

a collection of symptoms which occur because the glomeruli in the kidney become leaky and allow protein to pass in urine in large amounts (abnormal)

A

nephrotic syndrome

63
Q

severe intractable constipation caused by intestinal obstruction

A

obstipation

64
Q

painful swallowing

A

odynophagia

65
Q

a person who is 80-90 yo

A

octogenarian

66
Q

depressed bone marrow production of all cell lines (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia)

A

pancytopenia

67
Q

a pinpoint, non-raised round purplish red spot d/t small amounts of blood on skin or mucous membrane

A

petechia

68
Q

diffuse inflammation of the soft or CT d/t infection (acute pancreatitis)

A

phlegmon

69
Q

plate or flat plane, usually on a mucous membrane

A

plakia

70
Q

abnormal presence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts

A

pneumobilia

71
Q

abnormal presence of air/gas in the mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation, may lead to pneumothorax or pneumopericardium, occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or pathology or after diagnostic procedure

A

pneumomediastinum

72
Q

abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

A

pneumoperitoneum

73
Q

spontaneous, small hemorrhage into the skin, mucous membrane, or serosal sruface, reddish purple spots/patches, bigger than petechia but smaller than ecchymosis

A

purpura

74
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

75
Q

effortless reflux of liquid or gastric or esophageal food contents in the absence of N/V

A

regurgitation

76
Q

peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis

A

retching

77
Q

chewing and swallowing of food that is regurgitated volitionally after meals

A

rumination

78
Q

serum-ascities albumin gradient = serum albumin minus ascitic fluid albumin

A

SAAG

79
Q

interaction of cations in FFA released by the action of activated lipase on triglycerides in fat cells - the level of blood calcium may be depressed d/t this process

A

saponification

80
Q

degenerative loss of skeletal muscle

A

sarcopenia

81
Q

inflammation of the salivary gland

A

sialadenitis

82
Q

hiccups, usually benign and self-limited

A

singultus

83
Q

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

A

SIRS

84
Q

a malignant intra-abdominal neoplasm metastatic to the umbilicus

A

sister mary joseph nodule

85
Q

bulky, light colored fatty stools (malabsorption)

A

steatorrhea

86
Q

ulcer of the colon d/t pressure and irritation of retained fecal masses

A

stercoral ulcer

87
Q

hernia so tightly compressed in the defect that there is cut off of circulation leading to swelling, emergency as will have bowel necrosis

A

strangulated hernia

88
Q

occurs when air gets into tissues under the skin. This most often occurs in the skin covering the chest wall or neck, but can also occur in other parts of the body. Consider it when you see a smooth bulging of the skin. When the skin is palpated it produces an unusual crackling sensation as the gas is pushed through the tissue.

A

subcutaneous emphysema

89
Q

ineffectual and painful straining at stool (or urination)

A

tenesmus

90
Q

bony prominence protruding from the midline of the hard palate

A

torus palatinus

91
Q

procedure to reduce portal hypertension

A

Transvenous intrahepatic protosystemic shunts (TIPS)

92
Q

sign of tetany, inflate BP cuff and wrist flexes, sign of hypocalcemia

A

trousseau sign

93
Q

migrating thrombophlebitis - red tender nodules under skin primarily on upper extremities that mvoe to different locations (different from erythema nodosum) as well as overt deep vein thrombosis - think cancer, primarily pancreatic

A

trousseau syndrome

94
Q

genetic syndrome characterized by thickening of the palms adn soles, white patches in the mouth and increased risk of esophageal cancer

A

tylosis

95
Q

local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of inflamed necrotic tissue

A

ulcer

96
Q

stone from the kidney making its way through the ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria

A

ureterolithiasis

97
Q

dilated veins

A

varix/ varices

98
Q

intra-abdominal malignancy (MC: gastric carcinoma) mets to left supraclavicular lymph node

A

virchow sentinel node

99
Q

queasiness –> retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents from the mouth

A

vomiting/emesis

100
Q

dry mouth

A

xerostomia

101
Q

parasympathetic level, esophagus through tranverse colon

A

OA, AA (Vagus)

102
Q

parasympathetic level, descendign colon, sigmoid, rectum

A

S2-S4

pelvic splachnic nerve

103
Q

sympathetic, level of T12

A

appendix

104
Q

sympathetic, level of T2-T8

A

esophagus

105
Q

sympathetic, level of T5-T9

A

stomach

106
Q

sympathetic, level of T6-T9

A

liver, gallbladder

107
Q

sympathetic, level of T5-T9, T9-T12

A

small intestine

108
Q

sympathetic level of T9-L2

A

colon

109
Q

sympathetic, level of T5-T11

A

pancreas

GI 2 Midterm (4 decks)

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