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Pressure Systems Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is air composed of?

A

A bunch of particles

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2
Q

Does air have weight?

A

Yes, due to gravity

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3
Q

What affects everything that has mass?

A

Gravity

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4
Q

Why does air have weight?

A

Air has mass, so gravity pulls it toward the ground

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5
Q

What is an example of air having weight?

A

A full balloon is heavier than a non-filled balloon

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6
Q

What does heavy air indicate?

A

High pressure

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7
Q

What does greater pressure mean in relation to air?

A

Greater density

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8
Q

What forms high air pressure?

A

Weight of air

The weight of air above a location contributes to the air pressure experienced at that location.

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9
Q

Where is the air pressure higher, at the top of Mount Everest or at the bottom of a mountain?

A

At the bottom of a mountain

Air pressure decreases with altitude, so the bottom of a mountain has higher pressure than the top.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The atmosphere at sea level is _____ kPa.

A

101 kPa

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11
Q

True or False: Air pressure increases as altitude increases.

A

False

Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

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12
Q

What happens to the number of air atoms pressing down as altitude increases?

A

The number decreases

There are fewer air molecules at higher altitudes, leading to lower pressure.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The air pressure decreases as you go _____ in altitude.

A

higher

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14
Q

What is known as High Pressure in meteorology?

A

High Pressure is when all the air is chilling by the surface, resulting in diverging air that moves down.

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15
Q

What happens to air in a High Pressure system?

A

In a High Pressure system, air sinks through the process of subsidence.

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16
Q

Why does a High Pressure system not produce rain?

A

A High Pressure system does not produce rain because all the moisture is on the surface.

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17
Q

What is the opposite of High Pressure?

A

Low Pressure is the opposite of High Pressure.

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18
Q

What characterizes a Low Pressure system?

A

In a Low Pressure system, air is moving upward (converging air), taking moisture from the surface.

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19
Q

What process allows air to rise in a Low Pressure system?

A

Air rises through the process of convection.

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20
Q

What forms as air rises in a Low Pressure system?

A

As air rises, it cools down, forming clouds and ultimately creating rain.

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21
Q

What type of air movement is associated with High Pressure?

A

Diverging air is associated with High Pressure.

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22
Q

What type of air movement is associated with Low Pressure?

A

Converging air is associated with Low Pressure.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: In a Low Pressure system, air is moving _______.

A

upward

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: In a High Pressure system, air is moving _______.

A

downward

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25
True or False: High Pressure systems are capable of producing rain.
False
26
True or False: Low Pressure systems are characterized by diverging air.
False
27
What creates wind?
Wind is created by air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure ## Footnote Wind is the result of differences in air pressure.
28
What direction does air flow in relation to pressure?
Air always flows from High Pressure to Low Pressure ## Footnote This principle applies both locally and globally.
29
What are the characteristics of High Pressure areas?
Cold and dry ## Footnote High pressure is associated with descending air.
30
What are the characteristics of Low Pressure areas?
Warm and wet ## Footnote Low pressure is associated with rising air.
31
What happens to air in High Pressure areas?
Air descends ## Footnote Descending air leads to clearer skies.
32
What happens to air in Low Pressure areas?
Air rises ## Footnote Rising air can lead to cloud formation and precipitation.
33
What type of weather is associated with High Pressure?
Bright and sunny ## Footnote High pressure typically brings stable weather conditions.
34
What type of weather is associated with Low Pressure?
Cloudy and rainy ## Footnote Low pressure often leads to stormy weather.
35
Fill in the blank: Wind is created by air moving from areas of _______ to areas of low pressure.
high pressure
36
True or False: Wind can only be created on a global scale.
False ## Footnote Wind can be created on both local and global scales.
37
What are examples of wind generation at a local scale?
Land and Sea Breezes ## Footnote These are specific wind patterns that occur due to temperature differences between land and sea.
38
What is a Swakop's Land Breeze?
East Wind ## Footnote A land breeze occurs when the land cools faster than the sea, causing air to move from land to sea.
39
What is Swakop's Sea Breeze?
South-westerly wind that blows almost every day ## Footnote A sea breeze occurs when the land heats up faster than the sea, leading to cooler air moving from the sea onto the land.
40
What happens to the air during a Sea Breeze?
Warm air rises and cool sea breeze moves in ## Footnote This process creates a local wind pattern that brings cooler air from the sea.
41
During the day, which is warmer, the land or the sea?
Land ## Footnote The land heats up faster than the sea during the day, contributing to the formation of a sea breeze.
42
During the day, which is cooler, the land or the sea?
Sea ## Footnote The sea retains its coolness longer than the land, which is crucial for the development of local breezes.
43
What is a land breeze?
A land breeze is a wind that blows from land to sea, typically occurring at night when the land cools more rapidly than the sea.
44
What happens to the air over land at night?
The air over land cools, creating a high pressure area.
45
What is the effect of the Sun on wind generation at a global scale?
The Sun heats the air near the equator, causing it to rise and create low pressure.
46
Where does the air move after rising near the equator?
It is pushed out towards the tropics where it cools and sinks, creating high pressure.
47
What type of air is associated with low pressure?
Cool, dry air.
48
What type of air is associated with high pressure?
Warm, dry air.
49
At what latitudes does the subtropical high pressure occur?
At 30° N and 30° S.
50
What happens to heat from the Earth?
Heat radiates to space.
51
What are trade winds?
Trade winds are winds that flow from high pressure areas toward low pressure areas.
52
What occurs to hot, wet air in the atmosphere?
Hot, wet air rises, expands, and cools.
53
What happens to air that subsides in the atmosphere?
It condenses and warms.
54
Fill in the blank: The land breeze occurs when the land is _______ than the sea.
cooler
55
True or False: The air over the sea cools more rapidly than the air over land.
False
56
What is the typical temperature condition of the air over the sea during the formation of a land breeze?
The air over the sea is warmer.
57
What is created when warm air rises?
Low pressure.
58
What is created when cool air sinks?
High pressure.
59
What is a land breeze?
A land breeze is a wind that blows from land to sea, typically occurring at night when the land cools more rapidly than the sea.
60
What happens to the air over land at night?
The air over land cools, creating a high pressure area.
61
What is the effect of the Sun on wind generation at a global scale?
The Sun heats the air near the equator, causing it to rise and create low pressure.
62
Where does the air move after rising near the equator?
It is pushed out towards the tropics where it cools and sinks, creating high pressure.
63
What type of air is associated with low pressure?
Cool, dry air.
64
What type of air is associated with high pressure?
Warm, dry air.
65
At what latitudes does the subtropical high pressure occur?
At 30° N and 30° S.
66
What happens to heat from the Earth?
Heat radiates to space.
67
What are trade winds?
Trade winds are winds that flow from high pressure areas toward low pressure areas.
68
What occurs to hot, wet air in the atmosphere?
Hot, wet air rises, expands, and cools.
69
What happens to air that subsides in the atmosphere?
It condenses and warms.
70
Fill in the blank: The land breeze occurs when the land is _______ than the sea.
cooler
71
True or False: The air over the sea cools more rapidly than the air over land.
False
72
What is the typical temperature condition of the air over the sea during the formation of a land breeze?
The air over the sea is warmer.
73
What is created when warm air rises?
Low pressure.
74
What is created when cool air sinks?
High pressure.
75
What happens to sinking air in relation to the equator?
The sinking air returns towards the equator where there is low pressure.
76
What type of rain is caused by rising air near the equator?
Convectional rain.
77
What effect does the rain over the equator have on the air reaching the tropics?
It creates very dry conditions, leading to arid desert-like conditions.
78
What is the area where winds meet on the Equator called?
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
79
What is the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
An area near the equator where winds from the northern and southern hemisphere meet.
80
What phenomenon occurs at the ITCZ despite limited winds?
Violent thunderstorms.
81
What nickname do sailors give to the ITCZ?
'Doldrums'. | The expression 'to be in the doldrums' means to be in a low, miserable m
82
What are the three pressure systems known as Cells in each hemisphere?
* Hadley Cell * Ferrel Cell * Polar Cell
83
What happens to air in the Hadley Cell?
It rises, expands, cools, subsides, condenses, and warms.
84
What is the primary wind pattern in the tropics?
Trade Winds.
85
What are the prevailing westerly winds called?
Westerlies.
86
What are the winds that occur in polar regions?
Polar Easterlies.
87
Fill in the blank: The pressure system known as a Cell consists of three types: Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, and _______.
[Polar Cell]
88
True or False: The ITCZ experiences strong winds.
False.
89
What is the significance of the area where the ITCZ is located?
It is where the northern and southern hemisphere winds meet.
90
At what latitude do the Horse Latitudes typically occur?
30° S.
91
What is the effect of heat radiating to space on atmospheric pressure?
It creates a pressure system.
92
What is the Polar cell?
A component of global atmospheric circulation located at the poles
93
What is the Ferrel cell?
A cell of atmospheric circulation located between the Hadley and Polar cells
94
At what latitude is the Ferrel cell located?
60°
95
What is the Hadley cell?
A cell of atmospheric circulation located between the equator and 30° latitude
96
At what latitude is the Hadley cell located?
30°
97
How does the Hadley cell interact with the Ferrel cell?
The Hadley cell is located below the Ferrel cell in the atmospheric circulation
98
What are the three main cells of global atmospheric circulation?
* Polar cell * Ferrel cell * Hadley cell ## Footnote You need to know this diagram
99
Fill in the blank: The Ferrel cell is located at _______.
60°
100
True or False: The Hadley cell is located at 60° latitude.
False
101
Fill in the blank: The Hadley cell is situated between the _______ and _______ latitudes.
equator, 30°

Nadira Geography (6 decks)

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