Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nadira Geography > Settlements > Flashcards

Settlements Flashcards

(163 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does ‘majority urban’ mean?

A

Over 50% of the population resides in urban areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does ‘majority rural’ mean?

A

At most 50% live in urban locations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In 2050, will more people live in urban or rural areas?

A

Urban areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘majority urban’?

A

Indicates a demographic shift towards urbanization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘majority rural’?

A

Indicates a demographic characteristic of areas with less urbanization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘Majority urban’ means that over _______ of the population resides in urban areas.

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘Majority rural’ means that at most _______ live in urban locations.

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is larger than rural settlements?

A

Urban settlements

Urban settlements encompass towns and cities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are smaller urban areas called?

A

Towns

Towns are a subset of urban settlements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are large urban areas referred to as?

A

Cities

Cities represent the larger classification of urban settlements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do people work in urban settlements?

A

Buildings such as shopping centres, offices, and factories

This reflects the diverse employment opportunities in urban areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of work might some people do on the street in urban areas?

A

Vendors

Street vending is a common form of informal employment in urban settings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two main categories of land use in urban areas?

A

Housing and industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a significant use of land in urban areas?

A

Residential areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name three types of facilities found in urban areas besides residential areas.

A
  • Industries
  • Businesses
  • Parks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill in the blank: Large parts of urban land are used for _______.

A

[residential areas]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Urban areas only include residential and industrial land uses.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What types of non-residential land uses are found in urban areas?

A
  • Shops
  • Parks
  • Stadiums
  • Transport centres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do urban land use models attempt to simplify?

A

The way land is used in urban areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do land-use models contain?

A

Zones showing their different functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the main zones in urban land use models?

A
  • Central Business District
  • Inner City
  • Suburbs
  • Rural Urban Fringe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Central Business District (CBD)?

A

The main commercial and financial area of a city.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can be found in the Central Business District?

A
  • Offices
  • Businesses
  • Retail stores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What characterizes the Inner City?

A

Older densely populated area at the core of a city.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of neighborhoods are typically found in the Inner City?
Lower-income neighborhoods.
26
What is a common feature of the infrastructure in the Inner City?
Older infrastructure.
27
Fill in the blank: The main zones in urban land use models include Central Business District, Inner City, ______, and Rural Urban Fringe.
Suburbs
28
True or False: The Central Business District is characterized by residential areas.
False
29
What are suburbs?
Suburbs refer to residential areas located on the outskirts of a city or urban area. ## Footnote Suburbs are characterized by lower population density compared to the inner city, with single-family homes, green spaces, and a quieter lifestyle.
30
What is the rural-urban fringe?
The rural-urban fringe is the transition zone where urban and rural areas meet. ## Footnote It is characterized by a mix of agricultural land, suburban development, and scattered rural settlements.
31
Define urban fringe.
Urban fringe refers to the area surrounding a city where urban and rural characteristics blend. ## Footnote This area often contains a mix of residential, commercial, and agricultural uses.
32
What is the urban core?
The urban core is the central part of a city, typically characterized by higher population density and a concentration of services and amenities. ## Footnote It includes business districts, cultural institutions, and major transportation hubs.
33
Fill in the blank: The _______ is characterized by a mix of agricultural land, suburban development, and scattered rural settlements.
rural-urban fringe
34
True or False: Suburbs have a higher population density than urban cores.
False
35
List three characteristics of suburbs.
* Lower population density * Single-family homes * Green spaces
36
What is a key feature of the urban core?
Higher population density ## Footnote The urban core usually has a concentration of businesses and amenities.
37
What are rural areas characterized by?
Vast land spaces with a few houses or buildings and an equally fewer number of people. ## Footnote Rural areas typically have lower population density compared to urban areas.
38
How do rural areas compare to urban centers in terms of infrastructure?
Rural areas have fewer infrastructural systems than urban centres. ## Footnote This includes aspects like transportation, healthcare, and education facilities.
39
What types of land use are typical within rural settlements?
A mix of residential, agricultural, and sometimes small-scale commercial or industrial activities. ## Footnote Agricultural activities often dominate land use in rural settings.
40
What do residential areas in rural settlements primarily consist of?
Single-family homes, often with larger plots compared to urban areas. ## Footnote This allows for more space and often a connection to agricultural activities.
41
What are common types of agricultural land use?
Farming, fishing, and forestry ## Footnote Agricultural land use covers various activities that utilize land for the production of food, resources, and services.
42
What types of commercial centres are found in rural settlements?
Grocery stores, small shops, and services like schools and healthcare facilities ## Footnote These centres are essential for meeting the local needs of rural populations.
43
True or False: Rural settlements typically have large commercial centres.
False ## Footnote Rural settlements often feature small commercial centres rather than large ones.
44
Fill in the blank: Rural settlements may have small commercial centres serving local needs, such as _______.
grocery stores ## Footnote Grocery stores are a primary example of businesses that cater to local demands in rural areas.
45
What is a settlement?
A settlement is a place where people live.
46
What are examples of types of settlements?
Settlements can range from an isolated farmhouse to a mega city.
47
What are the two types of settlements?
Settlements can be either temporary or permanent.
48
What determines the development of a settlement?
The function of the settlement.
49
Fill in the blank: The first function of Swakopmund was as a _______.
port
50
What are the three most common patterns of settlements?
Dispersed, linear, nucleated
51
Define dispersed settlements.
Settlements spread out over a large area with individual houses or farms
52
Define linear settlements.
Settlements that form along a line, such as a road or river
53
Define nucleated settlements.
Settlements clustered together, often around a central point or feature
54
Fill in the blank: The three most common patterns of settlements are _______.
Dispersed, linear, nucleated
55
What is the site of a settlement?
The land upon which it was built.
56
What determines the site of a settlement?
A range of human and physical factors.
57
List some factors that affect the site of a settlement.
* Relief * Wet and dry point sites * Aspect and shelter * Quality of the soil
58
How does relief affect the site of a settlement?
The shape of the land affects where buildings are constructed.
59
What type of land is preferable for building?
Flat land.
60
Fill in the blank: The factors that affect the site of a settlement include relief, wet and dry point sites, ______, and quality of the soil.
[aspect and shelter]
61
What is a wet point site?
A site close to a supply of water, essential for agriculture, drinking, washing, and cleaning. ## Footnote Wet point sites are crucial for sustaining human activities and agricultural practices.
62
What is a dry point site?
A site that avoided the risk of flooding. ## Footnote Dry point sites are strategically chosen to minimize the dangers associated with flooding.
63
Where are many settlements in the northern hemisphere typically located?
On south-facing sides of valleys ## Footnote This location is sunnier and away from prevailing winds.
64
What is the importance of soil quality for settlement development?
Fertile soil increases the likelihood of settlement development.
65
What is the significance of the south-facing slope for settlements? | (in the Northern Hemisphere)
It provides more sunlight.
66
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. ## Footnote Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities).
67
What was the global share of the urban population in 1980?
54% ## Footnote This percentage reflects the proportion of people living in urban areas at that time.
68
What is the projected global share of the urban population by 2050? | 'projected' means an estimate based on calculations and trend
66% ## Footnote This projection indicates an expected increase in urbanisation over the coming decades.
69
What was the global urban population in 2015?
3.968 billion ## Footnote This figure represents the number of people living in urban areas at that year.
70
What is the projected global urban population by 2050?
6.419 billion ## Footnote This number forecasts the expected urban population growth by 2050.
71
Fill in the blank: Urbanisation occurs because people move from _______ to urban areas.
rural areas ## Footnote This movement is a key factor contributing to urbanisation.
72
Which region has the highest percentage of urban population?
North America - 82%
73
What percentage of the urban population is in Latin America?
80% ## Footnote Based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 2016.
74
What percentage of the urban population is in Europe?
74% ## Footnote Based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 2016.
75
What percentage of the urban population is in Asia?
48% ## Footnote Based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 2016.
76
What percentage of the urban population is in North Africa?
38% ## Footnote Based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 2016.
77
What percentage of the urban population is in sub-Saharan Africa?
71% ## Footnote Based on data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) 2016.
78
In which income countries has the most rapid growth in urbanisation occurred since 1950?
Low Income Countries (LICs) ## Footnote Mainly in South America, Africa, and Asia.
79
What are the two main causes of urbanisation in LICs?
1. Rural to urban migration due to push factors. 2. Belief in better standard of living in urban areas.
80
What are 'push' factors in the context of urbanisation?
Conditions that drive people away from rural areas, including: * Population pressure * Lack of resources * Poverty * Fear * Disasters * Unemployment
81
What are 'pull' factors in the context of urbanisation?
Conditions that attract people to urban areas, including: * Safety * Opportunity * Stability * Freedom
82
What do people in rural areas hope to find in urban areas?
Well-paid jobs, greater informal work opportunities, better health care, and education.
83
Fill in the blank: Rural to urban migration is driven by _______ factors.
push
84
Fill in the blank: People are attracted to urban areas for _______ factors.
pull
85
What is one reason for rural to urban migration related to resources?
Lack of resources in rural areas.
86
True or False: Rural to urban migration is solely based on economic factors.
False
87
List three push factors that can lead to urbanisation.
* Poverty * Disasters * Unemployment
88
List three pull factors that can lead to urbanisation.
* Safety * Opportunity * Freedom
89
What is urban sprawl?
Urban sprawl is the expansion of urban areas into the countryside as population increases in towns and cities. ## Footnote eg in Lagos, Nigeria
90
In which types of countries does urban sprawl occur?
Urban sprawl occurs in both MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) and LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries).
91
How do the causes of urban sprawl differ between MEDCs and LEDCs?
The causes of urban sprawl differ, with unplanned sprawl in LEDCs and planned sprawl in MEDCs.
92
What is a common outcome of urban sprawl in both MEDC and LEDC cities?
In both cases, the urban area expands into the countryside, affecting people and changing the environment at the rural-urban fringe.
93
True or False: Urban sprawl is always planned.
False
94
Fill in the blank: Urban sprawl tends to be _______ in LEDC cities and _______ in MEDC cities.
unplanned; planned
95
What is urban sprawl in MEDCs?
The building of houses and services on the edge of existing towns and cities is planned.
96
Who makes the decision to expand urban areas into rural regions in MEDCs?
The local government.
97
What is the nature of urban sprawl in MEDCs?
It is done in an organized way.
98
Fill in the blank: Urban sprawl in MEDCs involves expanding into _______.
[rural areas and the countryside]
99
What characterizes urban sprawl in LEDCs?
Often unplanned.
100
Why is urbanization in LEDCs typically unplanned?
Rapid urbanization does not allow town planners time to organize and build necessary infrastructure.
101
What is a consequence of rapid urbanization in LEDCs?
Development of unplanned squatter settlements.
102
Where do unplanned squatter settlements typically develop in LEDCs?
Around the edge of the city.
103
Do unplanned squatter settlements in LEDCs usually have permission from authorities?
No.
104
What happens to cities as they increase in size?
They become stressful and difficult places to live in. ## Footnote This stress can be attributed to various factors, including overcrowding and inadequate planning.
105
What happens to parts of cities as they grow?
They become run-down and undesirable. ## Footnote This deterioration often results from inadequate land use planning for the current population.
106
What is one specific problem associated with urban areas?
Lack of space within the CBD. ## Footnote The Central Business District (CBD) often faces space constraints due to high demand.
107
What is a general problem faced by urban areas?
Traffic congestion. ## Footnote Traffic congestion affects mobility and can lead to increased stress for residents.
108
What are some urban problems?
Pollution, Housing, Congestion, Crime ## Footnote Each of these problems can significantly affect the quality of life in urban areas.
109
What are the types of pollution?
Air, Noise, Light, Water ## Footnote Each type of pollution has distinct sources and impacts on health and the environment.
110
Define air pollution.
The presence of harmful or excessive quantities of substances in the air ## Footnote This can lead to adverse effects on human health and the environment.
111
What is the estimated number of premature deaths caused by air pollution each year according to the WHO?
7 million ## Footnote This statistic highlights the significant impact of air pollution on global health.
112
Which air pollutant is considered the most harmful to human health?
Particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or smaller (PM2.5) ## Footnote PM2.5 is known for its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.
113
Name 3 cities with very high air pollution
Cairo Mumbai Dubai
114
Name 3 cities with low air pollution
Sydney Miami Cape Town | (note these are all on the coast)
115
What is noise pollution?
Excessive or disruptive noise that interferes with normal activities and can harm human health and the environment. ## Footnote It affects both physical and mental well-being.
116
Which countries are identified as the loudest in the world?
USA and UK ## Footnote These countries experience high levels of noise pollution from various sources.
117
What are the most common sources of noise pollution?
* Traffic * Air Traffic * Construction * Bars and parties ## Footnote These sources contribute significantly to noise levels in urban areas.
118
True or False: Noise pollution can affect human health.
True ## Footnote Prolonged exposure to noise pollution can lead to various health issues, including stress and sleep disturbances.
119
What is light pollution?
Refers to excessive or misdirected artificial light that disrupts the natural darkness of the night sky.
120
What are the global impacts of light pollution?
Light emissions from the continents represent 246,238 gigawatt-hours of energy.
121
What percentage of global emissions does light pollution represent?
1% of global emissions.
122
What is the equivalent of 1% of global emissions in terms of vehicle miles?
38 million round trips vehicle miles from Earth to the Moon.
123
What is water pollution?
Water pollution is when harmful substances contaminate water bodies like rivers, lakes, oceans, and groundwater, posing risks to aquatic life, human health, and the environment. ## Footnote Water pollution can have severe ecological and health impacts.
124
List three sources of water pollution.
* Atmospheric deposition * Oil spills * Mariculture ## Footnote Additional sources may include urban runoff, livestock waste, and septic tanks.
125
True or False: Water pollution only affects freshwater sources.
False ## Footnote Water pollution can affect both freshwater and saltwater bodies.
126
Fill in the blank: _______ is a source of water pollution from human activities.
[Urban runoff] ## Footnote Urban runoff can carry pollutants from streets and buildings into water bodies.
127
What are the risks associated with water pollution?
* Risks to aquatic life * Risks to human health * Environmental degradation ## Footnote These risks can lead to biodiversity loss and increased disease incidence in humans.
128
Name a source of water pollution related to agriculture.
Fertilizer ## Footnote Fertilizers can run off into water bodies, leading to nutrient pollution.
129
How can sewage treatment contribute to water pollution?
Improper sewage treatment can lead to contamination of water bodies. ## Footnote Effective sewage treatment is essential to prevent pathogens and chemicals from entering waterways.
130
What is the impact of oil spills on water bodies?
Oil spills can contaminate water bodies, harming aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems. ## Footnote Oil spills often require extensive cleanup efforts and can have long-lasting effects.
131
What does housing as an urban problem refer to?
Challenges related to access, affordability, and quality of housing ## Footnote Housing issues are significant in urban areas and can impact the overall quality of life for residents.
132
What is meant by access to housing?
Ensuring people can find suitable homes within urban cities ## Footnote Access to housing is crucial for urban planning and social equity.
133
Define affordability of housing.
Making sure housing is within financial reach, especially for lower-income individuals ## Footnote Affordability is a key factor in preventing homelessness and promoting stable communities.
134
What does quality of housing refer to?
Ensuring homes meet standards for safety, comfort, and health ## Footnote Quality housing contributes to the well-being of residents and can influence public health outcomes.
135
What is congestion in cities?
Congestion arises from the overcrowding of people and vehicles, leading to traffic jams, longer commute times, and decreased efficiency in transportation systems. ## Footnote Congestion is a significant urban issue affecting daily life and economic productivity.
136
Which city had the highest average traffic congestion level in 2020?
Moscow ## Footnote Moscow is known for severe traffic congestion, impacting its transportation efficiency.
137
Name three cities with a 53% average traffic congestion level in 2020.
* Mumbai * Bogota * Manila ## Footnote These cities experienced similar levels of congestion, indicating a significant impact on travel times.
138
What does a 35% congestion level indicate?
The extra travel time is 38% more than the average trip in uncongested conditions. ## Footnote This metric highlights how congestion significantly increases travel duration.
139
List four other cities mentioned with high traffic congestion levels.
* Istanbul * Bengaluru * Kyiv * New Delhi ## Footnote These cities are also noted for their considerable traffic congestion, affecting urban mobility.
140
True or False: Congestion only affects the travel time of vehicles.
False ## Footnote Congestion affects not only vehicles but also public transportation systems and overall urban efficiency.
141
Fill in the blank: Congestion in cities leads to _______.
[traffic jams] ## Footnote Traffic jams are a direct consequence of congestion, impacting daily commutes.
142
Where is crime in urban areas mostly concentrated?
Areas of high population densities ## Footnote Crime tends to be more prevalent in densely populated regions.
143
What factors contribute to crime in urban areas?
Lack of job opportunities and large-scale unemployment ## Footnote Economic conditions play a significant role in crime rates.
144
How does crime affect urban communities?
Undermines community safety and disrupts daily life ## Footnote The presence of crime can lead to a decline in quality of life.
145
True or False: Urban crime is solely caused by environmental factors.
False ## Footnote While environmental factors like population density play a role, economic conditions are also crucial.
146
Fill in the blank: Crime in urban areas can be attributed to a lack of _______.
job opportunities ## Footnote Employment opportunities are critical for reducing crime rates.
147
What is urban growth?
Building on the land, which is in short supply in urban centres.
148
What makes open land around the urban fringe desirable?
Proximity to urban centres.
149
What is urban sprawl?
The outward growth of towns and cities, leading to loss of countryside.
150
True or False: Urban areas do not need to grow.
False.
151
Fill in the blank: Urban growth involves building on the land, which is in _______.
short supply.
152
What is one solution to urban challenges related to fossil fuels?
Reduce the reliance on fossil fuels through the use of renewables. ## Footnote This includes implementing solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources.
153
What mode of transport can help reduce pollution in urban areas?
Use public transport rather than private transport. ## Footnote Public transport options include buses, trains, and subways.
154
What is the largest contributor to a household's carbon footprint?
Private vehicles. ## Footnote This highlights the impact of individual car usage on overall emissions.
155
What percentage of a two-car household's carbon footprint is attributed to private vehicles?
55%. ## Footnote This shows the significant impact of multiple vehicles on carbon emissions.
156
What percentage of a two-car household's carbon footprint is attributed to electricity?
25%. ## Footnote This indicates the role of electricity in overall household emissions.
157
What percentage of a one-car household's carbon footprint is attributed to private vehicles?
25%. ## Footnote This reflects the impact of owning a single vehicle on carbon emissions.
158
What is the potential savings in carbon emissions by using public transportation for a one-car household?
30%. ## Footnote This emphasizes the effectiveness of public transport in reducing emissions.
159
What percentage of a one-car household's carbon footprint is attributed to electricity?
25%. ## Footnote This highlights the contribution of electricity alongside private vehicle usage.
160
Fill in the blank: The private vehicle is the largest contributor to a household's _______.
carbon footprint. ## Footnote Understanding carbon footprints is essential for assessing environmental impact.
161
What is one way to enhance urban living conditions for families?
Provide green spaces (greening the city) ## Footnote Green spaces can include parks, gardens, and recreational areas that improve quality of life.
162
What is a method to conserve water supplies?
Recycle water ## Footnote This can involve treatment processes that allow used water to be reused for irrigation or other purposes.
163
Why is it important to involve local communities in urban planning?
To provide a range of employment ## Footnote Engaging communities can lead to more sustainable development and economic opportunities.

Nadira Geography (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions