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Water In The Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

What is dew?

A

Moisture deposited in the form of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid objects such as stones and grass

Dew forms when the air temperature drops and moisture condenses.

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2
Q

What is frost?

A

Forms on cold surfaces when condensation occurs below freezing point (0°C)

Frost is created under conditions similar to dew but at temperatures at or below the freezing point.

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3
Q

What conditions are ideal for the formation of frost?

A

Air temperature must be at or below the freezing point

The conditions for frost formation are similar to those for dew formation.

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4
Q

What is the difference between mist and fog?

A

Fog is denser than mist, resulting in reduced visibility

Mist forms frequently over mountains when warm air meets cold surfaces.

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5
Q

What causes the formation of fog and mist?

A

Occurs when an air mass containing a large quantity of water vapor condenses within itself

Fog can be mixed with smoke in urban areas, enhancing its formation.

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6
Q

What is hail?

A

Small rounded solid pieces of ice formed from rain drops that solidify in the atmosphere

Hailstones form when raindrops are lifted by wind, accumulating ice layers before falling to the ground.

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7
Q

How does hail form?

A

Rain drops are released by clouds, lifted by wind, accumulate additional droplets that freeze

The process continues until the hailstone becomes too heavy to be lifted again.

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8
Q

What is snow?

A

Precipitation in the form of fine flakes of ice when temperature is below 0°C

Snow requires that temperatures remain at or below freezing between clouds and the ground.

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9
Q

What is the definition of precipitation?

A

Any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from clouds to the ground

Common forms of precipitation include rain, snow, hail, and sleet.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The precipitation in the form of water is called _______.

A

rainfall

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11
Q

What is the relationship between latitude and temperature?

A

Places near the equator are much warmer than places further away near the poles due to the direct sunlight received.

This is because the sun’s rays are more direct at the equator.

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12
Q

How do prevailing winds affect temperature?

A

If the prevailing wind is from the poles, the temperature will be lower; if from the tropics, the temperature will be higher.

Example: In Swakopmund, the prevailing wind influences local temperatures.

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13
Q

What is the effect of altitude on temperature?

A

Temperatures decrease by 6.5°C for every 1000 meters gained.

Example: The Andes in Ecuador can be covered in snow all year due to high altitude.

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14
Q

How does distance from the sea influence temperature?

A

Places near the sea are cooler in summer and warmer in winter due to the sea’s heat retention and cooling properties.

Example: Sea and land breezes illustrate this effect.

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15
Q

What role do ocean currents play in temperature?

A

Hot ocean currents tend to warm winters, while cold currents cool summers.

Example: The UK benefits from the warm Gulf Stream current.

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16
Q

What is aspect in relation to temperature?

A

Aspect is the direction that something faces, affecting temperature based on sun exposure.

Example: In the northern hemisphere, south-facing slopes are warmer than north-facing slopes.

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17
Q

What are the three forms of water present in the atmosphere?

A

Gaseous, liquid, and solid

Solid form includes ice and snow.

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18
Q

What processes contribute to the moisture in the atmosphere?

A

Evaporation and transpiration

Evaporation occurs from water bodies, while transpiration occurs from plants.

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19
Q

What is the continuous exchange of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and continents called?

A

The Water Cycle

This cycle includes processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation.

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20
Q

What is the process by which water vapor turns into liquid water?

A

Condensation

This process is crucial for cloud formation.

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21
Q

What term describes the release of water from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail?

A

Precipitation

Precipitation is a key component of the water cycle.

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22
Q

What process involves the movement of water from the soil back into the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration

Plants release water vapor through small openings in their leaves.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of water soaking into the ground is called _______.

A

Percolation

This process is essential for groundwater recharge.

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24
Q

What is the term for the process of water changing from liquid to vapor?

A

Evaporation

This occurs when water is heated by the sun.

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25
What is evaporation?
The process of turning from liquid into gas ## Footnote Heat is the main cause for evaporation, and greater movement of air increases evaporation.
26
What is transpiration?
The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers ## Footnote Transpiration is essential for plant hydration and nutrient transport.
27
What is precipitation?
Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour that falls under gravity from clouds ## Footnote Precipitation can occur in liquid (rainfall) or solid (snowfall) form.
28
What is condensation?
The process of turning from gas into liquid ## Footnote Condensation is caused by the loss of heat when moist air is cooled.
29
What causes condensation?
Loss of heat (decrease in air temperature) ## Footnote When moist air is cooled, it may reach a point where it can no longer hold water vapour.
30
What are hygroscopic condensation nuclei?
Very small particles around which condensation occurs ## Footnote Examples include dust, smoke, and salt.
31
What happens when moist air contacts a colder object?
Condensation may take place ## Footnote This process is also influenced by temperature nearing the dew point.
32
What forms can moisture take after condensation?
Dew, frost, fog, clouds, etc. ## Footnote These forms result from the condensation of water vapour in the atmosphere.
33
What does the ability of the air to hold water vapour depend on?
Temperature
34
What is the term for air that contains moisture to its full capacity at a given temperature?
Saturated air
35
What is the temperature at which saturation occurs in a given sample of air called?
Dew point
36
When the temperature and dew point are equal, what happens to water vapor?
It condenses
37
How much does the temperature fall for every kilometer the air rises?
About 10°C
38
How much does the dew point fall for every kilometer the air rises?
About 2°C
39
What is the maximum moisture carrying capacity of air at 10°C?
Approximately 10 g/m³
40
Fill in the blank: The air is said to be _______ when it contains moisture to its full capacity.
Saturated
41
True or False: The dew point increases as air rises.
False
42
At a height of 1 km, what is the temperature if the dew point is 10°C?
10°C
43
What happens to the temperature and dew point of air as it rises?
Temperature falls and dew point falls
44
What is condensation?
The process where water vapour or moisture in the atmosphere takes a certain form.
45
What are the 6 common forms of condensation?
* Dew * Frost * Mist * Fog * Hail * Snow
46
Which form of condensation is not included in the list?
Rainfall
47
What is dew?
Moisture deposited in the form of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid objects.
48
On what types of surfaces is dew typically found?
* Stones * Grass blades * Plant leaves
49
What is frost?
Ice crystals formed when moisture freezes on cold surfaces.
50
What is the difference between mist and fog?
Mist is less dense than fog; fog significantly reduces visibility.
51
Fill in the blank: Dew is formed when moisture is deposited on _______.
cooler surfaces of solid objects
52
What is condensation?
The process where water vapour or moisture in the atmosphere takes a certain form.
53
What are the 6 common forms of condensation?
* Dew * Frost * Mist * Fog * Hail * Snow
54
Which form of condensation is not included in the list?
Rainfall
55
What is dew?
Moisture deposited in the form of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid objects.
56
On what types of surfaces is dew typically found?
* Stones * Grass blades * Plant leaves
57
What is frost?
Ice crystals formed when moisture freezes on cold surfaces.
58
What is the difference between mist and fog?
Mist is less dense than fog; fog significantly reduces visibility.
59
Fill in the blank: Dew is formed when moisture is deposited on _______.
cooler surfaces of solid objects
60
What forms on cold surfaces when condensation occurs below freezing point?
Frost ## Footnote Frost forms when the dew point is at or below 0°C, resulting in ice crystals instead of water droplets.
61
What are the ideal conditions for the formation of frost?
The same as those for dew, but the air temperature must be at or below the freezing point ## Footnote Frost forms when condensation occurs under conditions similar to dew, with temperatures at or below 0°C.
62
What is the temperature at which frost forms?
At or below freezing point (0°C) ## Footnote Frost occurs when conditions allow for condensation at temperatures where water freezes.
63
What is deposited when frost forms?
Minute ice crystals ## Footnote Instead of water droplets, excess moisture is deposited as ice crystals during frost formation.
64
Frost forms when the dew point is at or below _______
the freezing point ## Footnote This is crucial for the formation of frost on surfaces.
65
What happens when the temperature of an air mass containing a large quantity of water vapour falls suddenly?
Condensation takes place on fine dust particles ## Footnote This process leads to the formation of fog and mist.
66
How can fog and mist be classified in relation to clouds?
They can be seen as a cloud with its base at or very near to the ground ## Footnote This indicates their proximity to the Earth's surface.
67
What is the main difference between mist and fog?
Fog is more dense than mist ## Footnote This means visibility is lower in fog than in mist.
68
Where does mist frequently form?
Over mountains as rising warm air meets a cold surface ## Footnote This results in condensation due to temperature differences.
69
Where are fogs prevalent?
Where warm currents of air come in contact with cold currents of air ## Footnote This interaction leads to increased condensation and fog formation.
70
What are the conditions under which fog forms in urban and industrial centers?
Smoke provides plenty of nuclei, aiding the formation of fog and mist.
71
What is the term used to describe the combination of fog and smoke?
Smog.
72
What is the initial form of both hail and snow?
They begin their journey in the same form.
73
What is defined as precipitation in the form of water when temperature is lower than 0°C?
Rainfall.
74
What form does precipitation take when the temperature is below 0°C?
Fine flakes of snow.
75
What temperature must be maintained for snow to fall?
At or below 0°C between the clouds and the ground.
76
What are hailstones?
Small rounded solid pieces of ice formed from drops of rain that solidify
77
How are hailstones formed?
By rain that is blown higher by wind, accumulating additional droplets that freeze
78
What causes hailstones to gain more ice layers?
The wind strikes the hailstone back up, allowing it to accumulate more ice
79
When do hailstones fall to the ground?
When they become too heavy to rise again
80
Fill in the blank: Hailstones are formed when drops of rain become _______.
solidified into small rounded solid pieces of ice
81
True or False: Hailstones are formed only from rain that falls straight down.
False
82
What is the key variable in the Water Cycle?
Temperature ## Footnote Temperature influences the air's ability to hold water vapor.
83
List the six factors that influence temperature.
* Latitude * Distance from sea * Prevailing winds * Ocean currents * Altitude * Solar radiation
84
How does latitude affect temperature?
Places in the tropics are much warmer than places near the poles due to more direct sunlight reaching these areas.
85
What are the Tropics defined by?
The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn | The tropic of Capricorn runs through Namibia
86
What happens to sunlight at the equator?
The sun is overhead, providing more direct sunlight.
87
True or False: Areas near the poles receive more direct sunlight than tropical areas.
False
88
Fill in the blank: The ability of the air to hold water vapor depends mostly on its _______.
temperature
89
What effect does altitude have on temperature?
Higher altitudes generally result in cooler temperatures.
90
How do ocean currents influence temperature?
Ocean currents can transfer heat, affecting coastal temperatures.
91
What role do prevailing winds play in temperature?
Prevailing winds can bring warm or cool air to different regions.
92
What is the impact of distance from the sea on temperature?
Areas closer to the sea tend to have milder temperatures, while inland areas can experience more extreme temperatures.
93
What is the effect of solar radiation on temperature?
Solar radiation affects the amount of heat energy received by a location.
94
Fill in the blank: The influence of volcanic gases and particles can alter _______ in the atmosphere.
temperature
95
Why are places near the sea cooler in the summer?
Because the sea takes longer to warm than land.
96
Why are places near the sea warmer in the winter?
Because the sea retains heat better than land.
97
What is an example of temperature influence from the sea?
Sea and land breezes.
98
What effect do prevailing winds from the poles have on temperature?
They lower the temperature.
99
What effect do prevailing winds from the tropics have on temperature?
They raise the temperature.
100
What can be said about the prevailing wind in Swakopmund?
It comes from the Westerlies.
101
What are the three main wind belts mentioned?
* Northeast trades * Southeast trades * Westerlies
102
At what latitude is the Arctic Circle located?
66.5° N
103
At what latitude is the Antarctic Circle located?
66.5° S
104
What is the latitude of the equator?
0°
105
Fill in the blank: If the prevailing wind is from the ______, the temperature will be lower.
poles
106
Fill in the blank: If the prevailing wind is from the ______, the temperature will be higher.
tropics
107
How are ocean currents classified?
Ocean currents are classified as hot or cold
108
What effect do hot ocean currents have on winters?
Hot ocean currents tend to warm winters
109
What effect do cold ocean currents have on summers?
Cold ocean currents cool summers
110
Name a hot ocean current
Gulf Stream
111
What is the average temperature decrease for every 1000 metres gained in altitude?
6.5°C
112
Fill in the blank: Temperatures on average decrease ______ for every 1000 metres gained.
6.5°C
113
Which mountain in Ecuador can be covered in snow all year due to its altitude?
Andes
114
Which mountain in Kenya can be covered in snow all year due to its altitude?
Kilimanjaro
115
What geographical feature is affected by the temperature decrease at high altitudes?
Snow coverage
116
What is the significance of the Gulf Stream for the UK?
The UK benefits from a warm ocean current travelling from the Gulf of Mexico
117
What is the Antarctic Circumpolar?
An ocean current
118
Name one cold ocean current mentioned in the text.
Benguela
119
What is the West Wind Drift?
An ocean current
120
What is the effect of altitude on temperature in relation to the Equator?
Some places near the Equator can be covered in snow all year
121
What is aspect?
Aspect is the direction that something faces.
122
In the northern hemisphere, which slopes face the sun?
South facing slopes face the sun.
123
In the northern hemisphere, which slopes face away from the sun?
North facing slopes face away from the sun.
124
Which slopes are warmer in the northern hemisphere?
South facing slopes are warmer.
125
Which slopes are warmer in the southern hemisphere?
North facing slopes are warmer.
126
How does slope percent affect solar heating?
Slope percent affects solar heating by influencing the amount of sunlight received.
127
Fill in the blank: In Swakopmund, you would want your house to face _______.
[key learning term]

Nadira Geography (6 decks)

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