preventing infections

Question 1

Name 2 scientists who helped develop the modern understanding of pathogens

Answer 1

Luis pasture and ignaz Semmelweis

Question 2

When was Semmelweis a doctor

Answer 2

mid 18-50s

Question 3

What is a vector?

Answer 3

a living organism that carrys a disease- producing virus

Question 4

What did Semmelweis discover?

Answer 4

-In the mid 1850s he discovered that ladies giving birth in wards with midwives were less likely to die than those wards with doctors.

-This was because the doctors were not washing their hands and working in different wards and with dead bodies.

-This was one of the first discoveries that led to hand washing.

Question 5

who was louis pasteur

Answer 5

he discovered germs

• he showed that microorganisms cause disease
• he developed vaccines against diseases such as anthrax and rabies

Question 6

Joseph Lister began using what chemicals

Answer 6

antiseptic chemicals (like carbolic acid) during surgery to kill germs and prevent infections.

This helped reduce deaths from post-surgical infections and revolutionized sterile medical practices.

Question 7

What do antiseptics and disinfectants do?

Answer 7

Both kill or destroy harmful microbes to prevent infection, but:

Antiseptics: Used on living tissues (like skin) to reduce infection risk

Disinfectants: Used on non-living surfaces (like floors or instruments) to kill microbes

Question 8

Name 2 serious diseases

Answer 8

Cholera and Ebola

Question 9

Define the term vaccine.

Answer 9

A vaccine is a preparation of an organism or part of an organism that when introduced into an individual, stimulates the immune system to create lasting immunity against a virus or organism.

Question 10

how do destroying or controlling vectors stop the spread of diseases

Answer 10

vectors (like mosquitoes or rats) carry and spread disease-causing pathogens.

By destroying or controlling vectors, we:

Reduce contact between vectors and people

Lower the chances of disease transmission

Help prevent outbreaks of diseases like malaria, dengue, or plague

Question 11

how do we control or destroy vectors

Answer 11

-Using insecticides to kill insects (e.g., mosquitoes)

-Eliminating breeding sites (e.g., stagnant water)

-Using mosquito nets and protective clothing

-Introducing natural predators to control vector populations

-Improving sanitation to reduce rodents and insects