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BDS2 CLINICAL Paediatric Dentistry COPY > Primary tooth morphology > Flashcards

Primary tooth morphology Flashcards

1
Q

what are early problems that can occur in children

A

gingival cysts
congenital epulis
natal or neonatal teeth
eruption custs

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2
Q

what is the alternate name for gingival cysts

A

epstein’s pearls/bohns nodules

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3
Q

what are gingival cysts

A

they are cysts that are located on the alveolar ridges of new borns or young infants

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4
Q

how do gingival cysts occur

A

it is believed that fragments of the dental lamina that remain within the alveolar ridge mucosa after tooth formation proliferate to form these small keratinsed cysts

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5
Q

what do we do if baby presents with gingival cyst

A

we do not need to do anything
they will resolve
do not produce discomfort for baby

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6
Q

what is a congenital epulis

A

it is a benign tumor of the oral cavity

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7
Q

do we treat congenital epulis

A

it will shrink as child grows - it is not a cancer and will not spread anywhere
may have to remove it if causing feeding or respiratory issues

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8
Q

what are natal or neonatal teeth

A

natal teeth are teeth that are present above the gumline (have already erupted) at birth and neonatal teeth are teeth hat emerge through the gingiva during the first month of life (the neonatal period)

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9
Q

what teeth are usually the neonatal teeth

A

lower central primary incisors

they are not extra - they are just primary incisors that are in an ectopic position

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10
Q

what do we do to natal/neonatal teeth

A

we may have to smooth them down to stop irritation

may cause problems with breast feeding

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11
Q

what are features of neonatal/natal teeth

A

very mobile
so much you can take them out with your fingers
not much root

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12
Q

what are eruption cysts

A

where tooth is erupting, the blood has got into the follicle space

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13
Q

when do teeth start to form

A

during week 5 of intra uterine life

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14
Q

when does hard tissue formation start

A

week 13 IUL and can be detected on subsequent ultrasound scans

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15
Q

when can we see the tooth germs forming

A

week 20 IUL

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16
Q

what is the calcification date for the maxillary primary central incisor

A

13-16 weeks IUL

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17
Q

when is the crown complete for the maxillary primary central incisor

A

1.5 months after birth

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18
Q

what is the eruption date of a maxillary primary central incisor

A

8-12 months

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19
Q

what is the hard tissue formation date for the maxillary primary second molar

A

16-23 weeks IUL

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20
Q

when is the crown for maxillary primary second molar complete

A

11 months after birth

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21
Q

what is the eruption date for the maxillary primary second molar

A

25-33 months

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22
Q

when is the root completely formed for the maxillary primary second molar

A

47 months

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23
Q

what can systemic disturbance during calcification lead to

A

defects in the enamel which was forming at the time

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24
Q

what are defects in the primary dentition that are not hereditary most likely the result of

A

difficult pregnancy for the mother or complications at birth

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25
Q

what is the calcification of the crowns at birth

A 
1/2 of central incisors
1/3 of lateral incisors
tip of primary canines
1/2 of first primary molars
1/3 of second primary molars
tip of cusps of first permanent molars
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26
Q

what needs to happen for tooth eruption to occur

A

a force must be generated to propel the tooth through the bone and gingival tissue
in the case of the permanent dentition the primary tooth root must also be removed in some cases

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27
Q

what are possible theories for tooth eruption

A

cellular proliferation at the apex of the tooth
localized change in blood pressure/hydrostatic pressure
metabolic activity within the PDl
resorption of the overlying hard tissues

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28
Q

what does the resorption of overlying hard tissue (tooth or bone) happen due to

A

enzymes in the dental follicle

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29
Q

how is the dental follicle best seen on the radiograph

A

dark halo round the unerupted tooth

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30
Q

what is essential to the process of tooth eruption

A

remodeling of bone or primary tooth tissue

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31
Q

wha have animal models shown us

A

that we do not necessarily have to have a tooth erupting for resorption to take place meaning the resorption process can be uncoupled form the eruption process

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32
Q

what does the follicle play an essential role in

A

tooth eruption

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33
Q

What role does the follicle play in tooth eruption

A

the follicle is activated to initiate osteoclastic activity in the alveolar bone ahead of the tooth and clear a path for tooth eruption

34
Q

when does the follicle play a lesser role in tooth eruption

A

once the real bone has been breached

35
Q

what pushes the tooth into the mouth

A

unsure
bone growth at the base of the crypt is essential for eruption but it is possible that this is simply reactive to tooth movement

36
Q

how does eruption occur

A

gradually

37
Q

when does a tooth stop erupting

A

when the tooth comes into contact with something - usually the tooth of the opposing arch. especially upper arch due to gravity

38
Q

why does a tooth continue to erupt in life

A

to compensate for vertical growth of the jaws and tooth wear

39
Q

what is the sequence of eruption

A

1, 2, 4, 3, 5

40
Q

what teeth erupt first, upper or lower?

A

lower teeth erupt first

41
Q

what is the exception to the lower first rule

A

lateral incisors

42
Q

what is the first primary tooth to erupt

A

lower central incisor

43
Q

when does the contra lateral tooth erupt

A

within 3 months

44
Q

when is the primary dentition complete

A

2.5-3 years of age

45
Q

what are the big differences in the primary and permanent teeth

A

primary incisors are smaller in both their crown and root proportions
primary molars are wider mesiodistally than the permanent premolars which take their place.
primary molar crowns are more bulbous
primary teeth usually white in color

46
Q

why are primary teeth whiter

A

enamel structure is slightly different

47
Q

what is a key feature of the lower first primary molar

A

has a prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

48
Q

what is a key feature of the upper second primary molar

A

transverse ridge

49
Q

what is a feature of the lower second primary molar

A

has 3 buccal cusps like the permanent

50
Q

what are the differences in the roots of primary and permanent teeth

A

roots of primary teeth tend to be narrower
roots of primary teeth are longer and more slender - roots flare apically to allow room in between for developing permanent crown

51
Q

why should we be careful with our selection of instruments when working on primary teeth

A

enamel and dentine are much thinner and the pulp is much bigger so it is much easier to expose the pulp.

52
Q

what is the differences in pulp in permanent and primary teeth

A

pulp chambers of the primary teeth are relatively large in proportion to the crowns that surround them
pulp horns of primary teeth extend high occlusal placing them closer to the enamel

53
Q

what is the difference in the root canals between primary and permanent teeth

A

root canal tends to be ribboned shape with multiple interconnecting and accessory canals
it is flatter and thinner

54
Q

what is the difference in hard tissue between primary and permanent teeth

A

thickness of coronal dentine is much thinner than in permanent teeth
enamel of the primary teeth is relatively thin and has a consistent depth

55
Q

what are the differences in occlusion between primary and permanent dentition

A

some anterior spacing in the primary dentition is desired if there is to be no crowding in permanent dentition

56
Q

what is anthropoid or primate spacing

A

there is spacing mesial to the upper deciduous canine

there is spacing distal to the lower deciduous canine

57
Q

what is the leeway space

A

extra mesiodistal space occupied by the primary molars which are wider than the premolars which will replace them

58
Q

what is the lee way space in the upper arch

A

1.5mm per side

59
Q

what is the lee way space in the lower arch

A

2.5 mm per side

60
Q

what is the facial growth of the skull ike

A

downward and forward growth of the facial portion of the skull

61
Q

for how long does the mixed dentition last

A

phase occurs from about 6 years of age to about 11 years of age

62
Q

when does the mixed dentition begin

A

it begins from the time the first permanent tooth erupts until the exfoliation of the last primary tooth

63
Q

what is the first tooth to begin the mixed dentition stage

A

eruption of the first permanent molars (6 years)

64
Q

what is the last tooth to leave the mixed dentition

A

upper primary canine (11 years)

65
Q

what is the sequence of eruption for the upper arch permanent dentition

A

6,1,2,4,5,3,7,8

66
Q

what is the sequence of eruption for the lower arch permanent dentition

A

6,1,2,3,4,5,7,8

67
Q

what erupts first in permanent dentition, upper or lower

A

lower with exception of second premolars

68
Q

what is the difference in path of eruption between the path of eruption of primary and permanent incisors

A

the deciduous incisors are upright while the permanent incisors are proclined as it helps make space for the biggerteeth

69
Q

where do the permanent incisors develop

A

palatal to primary incisors

70
Q

what is the trauma risk to the permanent teeth if the primary incisors are knocked

A

if they are displaced towards the developing tooth they could have an effect on the permanent incisor resulting in a defect

71
Q

what does the path of eruption of the teeth lead to

A

exfoliation of primary tooth

helps resorb the root

72
Q

why is there transient spacing of the upper 1s

A

due to the close proximity of their roots to the erupting 2 and 3s

73
Q

what pushes the centrals back

A

the canines push them back together

74
Q

from date of eruption how long does it take for permanent tooth root to complete apexogenesis

A

3 years

75
Q

from date of eruption how long does it take for primary tooth root to complete apexogenesis

A

1.5 years

76
Q

what happens to the arch length

A

it grows to get space for the teeth

77
Q

What age do the upper and lower permanent first molars erupt

A

6 YEARS

78
Q

What are the eruption dates for the upper PERMANENT teeth

A 
7
8
11
10
10.5
FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR
12
17
79
Q

What are the eruption dates for the lower PERMANENT teeth

A 
6
7
9
10
11
FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR
11
17
80
Q

What are the eruption dates for the upper PRIMARY TEETH

A 
7
9
18
14
24
81
Q

What are the eruption dates for the lower PRIMARY TEETH

A 
6
7
16
12
20

BDS2 CLINICAL Paediatric Dentistry COPY (9 decks)

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