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Anthro > Primate Social Group (2 -3) > Flashcards

Primate Social Group (2 -3) Flashcards

1
Q

How can you think of social structures?

A

Dispersal patterns

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2
Q

What will we review this class

A

1) Basic feeding competition model
2) Three qualities that affect female feeding behaviour
3) The competitive regime for food
4) Socio-Ecology Theory

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3
Q

The primary factor that controls whether a group is Male-bonded, female-bonded, or cross bonded is ..? a

A

Dispersal Patterns of species

male disperse guys have strong bonds
Women stay girls have strong bonds

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4
Q

The primary factor that controls whether a group is Male-bonded, female-bonded, or cross bonded is ..? Dispersal Patterns of species boil it down

A

Basically the species that live among its relatives in adulthood will have the strongest bonds

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5
Q

What determines which sex disperses at sexual maturity:

A

Basic Feeding Competition Model

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6
Q

What determines which sex disperses at sexual maturity: - Basic Feeding Competition Model - Female

A

Reproductive success is primarily limited by access to energy (food)

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7
Q

What determines which sex disperses at sexual maturity: - Basic Feeding Competition Model - How do we expect the distribution of females?

A

Females go where food (energy) is due to reproductive requirements

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8
Q

What determines which sex disperses at sexual maturity: - Basic Feeding Competition Model - How do we expect the distribution of males?

A

Males go where the estrus women are

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9
Q

Due to food being a critical limiting factor for nonhuman primates females: The social organization that we observe in primate species is often said to be representative of (2)

A

1) Female mapping of food supply

2) Males mapping on estrus women

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10
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour (3)

A

1) Food quality
2) Spatial Distribution
3) Temporal distribution

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11
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Food quality - High food quality (3)

A

1) Rich in energy
2) Easily digestible
3) Proteins, carbs, lipids - eggs

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12
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Food quality - Low food quality (3)

A

1) Poor energy and protein
2) Hard to digest - tannins
3) Grass/leaves

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13
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Spatial distribution what is it?

A

Spatial Distribution of FOOD

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14
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Spatial distribution of food what two are important to know (2)

A

1) Clumped distribution

2) Evenly distributed

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15
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Spatial distribution of food what two are important to know - Clumped - What can we think of when we think clumped (4)

A

1) Food patch
2) High-quality food have higher patchier/clumped distribution
3) Smaller patches are dependable, big are not
4) Size places limits on the number of individuals that can feed together/ defend

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16
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Spatial distribution of food what two are important to know - Clumped - What can we think of when we think clumped - High foods in small patches are worth …

A

Defending

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17
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Spatial distribution of food what two are important to know - Even distribution (2)

A

1) Food is spread evenly

2) Common in Folivers

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18
Q

What is a folivore and what a frugivore

A

eat plants and eats fruit

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19
Q

What is a folivore and what a frugivore give examples

A

folivore - howler monkeys

Frugivore - Spider monkeys

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20
Q

What three key variables affect female behaviour - Temporal Distribution

A

When food emerges in different times/seasons

fruit/plants

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21
Q

Competitive Regime - If food is valued animals will ..

A

fight for it

22
Q

When do we get Contest Competition?

A

1) High-Quality Food
2) Patchy
3) Monopolizeable - patchy

23
Q

Competitive Regime: Contest Competition (3)

A

1) Direct Form of Competition
2) Contest Competition is often aggressive
3) Affect groups members differently

24
Q

Competitive Regime: Contest Competition - Direct Form of Competition

A

Individuals actively competing for resources

25
Q

Competitive Regime: Contest Competition - Contest competition is often aggressive

A

Displacement & Aggression over resources

26
Q

Competitive Regime: Contest Competition - Affects group members differently

A

Winners & Losers

27
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type

A

Scramble Competition

28
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition (3)

A

1) Low quality
2) Not worth monopolizing/ defendable
3) Leaves

29
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition -

A

Types of competition that occurs when resource cannot be monopolized/defended. Often poor nutrient food

30
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition: Indirect Form of Competition

A

Showing up after the consumption of a resource by a female. You do not directly compete but rather take left overs

31
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition: Indirect Form of Competition: if the group is big does indirect competition decrease?

A

No, it increases

32
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition: Indirect Form of Competition: Aggresive or non- aggressive competition

A

not aggresive

33
Q

When resources (like food) is distributed EVENLY we get what type - Scramble Competition: Indirect Form of Competition: How does it affect group members?

A

Due to uncompetitive nature, it’s very equitable

34
Q

What is Socio-Ecology Theory:

A

It says primate social systems respond in a PREDICTABLE way to abundant food sources, distribution and quality

35
Q

Socio-Ecology Theory: Difference in feeding pressures will affect (3)

A

1) Types of female-female competition
2) Dispersal patterns
3) Presence or absence of dominance hierarchy

36
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect social relationships? (3)

A

1) High quality and patchy
2) Food is monopolized
3) Direct Contest Competition as a result

37
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect social relationships? When food is monopolized what do women do? (2)

A

1) Establish an order of hierarchy -

2) Strong social bond for colationary partners forms

38
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect social relationships? When food is monopolized what do women do? - Establish an order of hierarchy

A

Priority of Access Model

39
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect social relationships? When food is monopolized what do women do? Establish an order of hierarchy - STRONGEST RELIABLE ALLIES TO INCREASE INCLUSIVE FITNESS

A

A Kinship hierarchy is the BEST way to increase overall fitness

Matrilineal hierarchy

40
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect social relationships? When food is monopolized what do women do? - Establish an order of hierarchy - Affect of inheritance

A

The youngest daughter has the highest level of priority of access model

YOUNG DAUGHTER ANCESTORY

41
Q

Who has the greatest benefit to the priority of access model?

A

males

42
Q

Benefits of being a high ranking female (2)

A

1) Higher fitness at younger age

2) Shorter interbirth intervals, high infant survival & daughters mature faster

43
Q

Cost of being a high ranking female (2)

A

1) Higher miscarriages

2) High stress

44
Q

Female Rank + Survivorship + Food shortage: High low ranking delta (2)

A

1) High ranking members had access to water

2) Low ranking had to leave the territory

45
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect female social relationships? High quality/ Patchy Foods (4)

A

1) High quality and patchy distrinution
2) Monopolization
3) Direct Contest Competition
4) Females stay in their natal groups, creating matrilineal groups.
5) Males leave at puberty to females

46
Q

What is Despotic and Tolerant behaviour?

A

1) Despotic - Clear lines of hierarchy

2) Tolerant - Reconciliatory behaviour

47
Q

How does the distribution of resources affect female social relationships? Low quality and evenly distributed?(3)

A

1) Lower quality usually EVENLY distributed
2) Food is not monopolized
3) Leads to scramble competition(indirect competition)

48
Q

When food is NOT monopolized, what will females do?(4)

A

1) Scramble competition / indirect competition
2) Females will disperse
3) The female group is not based on kinship - Patrilineal zone
4) Egalitarian relationships

49
Q

When female diet is low quality and evenly distributed (5)

A

1) Food is not monopolized/ indirect competition/ scramble competition
2) Females can disperse
3) Join patrilineal areas
4) Females become egalitarian
5) Males could disperse - mixed-sex dispersal

50
Q

Exception to the socio-ecological model?

A

Bonobos

females disperse but unrelated females cooperate

Anthro (12 decks)

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