Primer semestre: Primer Bloque: clase 25 de febrero

Question 1

How many measurements are needed in the home blood pressure measurement?

Answer 1

4 per day, 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening, once before Tx and once after Tx

Question 2

Where is ambulatory BP measurement used?

Answer 2

In clinics and researches

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ambulatory BP measurements?

Answer 3

Advantages: provides a 24/7 BP measurement
Disadvantages: it’s expensive

Question 4

How to diagnose hypertension?

Answer 4

With 2 separate occasional measurements over 140/90 mmHg

Question 5

How many minutes do we have to wait to measure BP if the Px has recently drunk coffee or exercised?

Answer 5

30 minutes

Question 6

What is HTN?

Answer 6

Hypertension

Question 7

What are the 3 types of hypertension?

Answer 7

Whitecoat
Masked
Nocturnal

Question 8

What causes the whitecoat HTN?

Answer 8

An anxiety response from the Px when he’s in a clinical context

Question 9

What are the values of whitecoat HTN?

Answer 9

Over 140/90mmHg in medical settings

Question 10

What causes masked hypertension?

Answer 10

When the Px cheats on his/her treatment and takes the Tx only when he’s about to visit the Doctor

Question 11

What are the values for masked BP?

Answer 11

Office BP <140/90 but increased to >135/85 at home

Question 12

What is the risk for the Px with masked BP to develop a cardiovascular disease?

Answer 12

Up to 10 to 30%

Question 13

What is nocturnal HTN?

Answer 13

When there is a BP dipping at night

Question 14

How can we detect nocturnal HTN?

Answer 14

Only with an ambulatory BP monitoring

Question 15

What are SBP and DBP?

Answer 15

Systolic BP and dyastolic BP

Question 16

What is the normal range for SBP?

Answer 16

<120mmHg

Question 17

What is the normal range for DBP?

Answer 17

<80mmHg

Question 18

What is the prehypertension range for SBP?

Answer 18

120-139mmHg

Question 19

What is the prehypertension range for DBP?

Answer 19

80-89mmHg

Question 20

What is the stage 1 hypertension range for SBP?

Answer 20

140-159mmHg

Question 21

What is the stage 1 hypertension range for DBP?

Answer 21

90-99mmHg

Question 22

What is the stage 2 hypertension range for SBP?

Answer 22

>160mmHg

Question 23

What is the stage 2 hypertension range for DBP?

Answer 23

>100mmHg

Question 24

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 24

The 20mmHg drop in SBP and 10mmHg drop

Question 25

What is the first thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 25

Technical problems

Question 26

What is the second thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 26

Arteritis

Question 27

What is the coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 27

Narrowing of the thoracic aorta

Question 28

What happens to SBP in the coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 28

Is higher in the upper extremities

Question 29

How do we Dx the coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 29

Measuring brachial, radial, and femoral BP in the prone position and comparing them

Question 30

What depends the skin color on?

Answer 30

On a cell called melanocyte

Question 31

What type of lesion is a bulla?

Answer 31

Primary

Question 32

What type of lesion is a vesicle?

Answer 32

Primary

Question 33

What type of lesion is a pustule?

Answer 33

Primary

Question 34

What type of lesion is a macule?

Answer 34

Primary

Question 35

What type of lesion is a nodule?

Answer 35

Primary

Question 36

What type of lesion is a papule?

Answer 36

Primary

Question 37

What type of lesion is a plaque?

Answer 37

Primary

Question 38

What is a bulla?

Answer 38

Large fluid-containing blister \> 1cm

Question 39

What is a vesicle?

Answer 39

Small fluid-containing blister \< 1cm

Question 40

What is a pustule?

Answer 40

Vesicle containing pus

Question 41

What is a macule?

Answer 41

A flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin color, \< 1cm

Question 42

What is a nodule?

Answer 42

Circumscribed, elevated lesion

Question 43

What is a papule?

Answer 43

Elevated solid skin lesion, \< 1 cm

Question 44

What is a plaque?

Answer 44

Papule \> 1cm

Question 45

What is this?

Answer 45

A papule

Question 46

What is this?

Answer 46

A bulla

Question 47

What is this?

Answer 47

A pustule

Question 48

What is this?

Answer 48

A macule

Question 49

What is this?

Answer 49

A patch

Question 50

What is this?

Answer 50

A nodule

Question 51

What is this?

Answer 51

A papule

Question 52

What type of lesion scales are?

Answer 52

Secondary

Question 53

What type of lesion crust are?

Answer 53

Secondary

Question 54

What type of lesion fissures are?

Answer 54

Secondary

Question 55

What type of lesion scare are?

Answer 55

Secondary

Question 56

What type of lesion atrophy are?

Answer 56

Secondary

Question 57

What is a scale?

Answer 57

Flakes confined skin layer

Question 58

What is a crust?

Answer 58

Dried exudate on the skin, also called honeycombed crust

Question 59

What is a fissure?

Answer 59

Cracks in the skin

Question 60

What is an ulcer?

Answer 60

Area of destruction of the entire epidermis

Question 61

What is a scar?

Answer 61

Excess collagen production

Question 62

What is skin atrophy?

Answer 62

Loss of some portion of the skin