Tercer bloque: Obstructive lung diseases

Question 1

FRC:

Answer 1

Funcional residual capacity

Question 2

RV:

Answer 2

Residual volume

Question 3

TLC:

Answer 3

Total lung capacity

Question 4

FEV:

Answer 4

Functional expiratory volume

Question 5

FVC:

Answer 5

Functional volume capacity

Question 6

Effect of air trapping on the lungs over lung’s ratio

Answer 6

Increased FRC, RV and TLC

Question 7

Effect of closure of airways over lung’s ratios

Answer 7

Decreased FEV and FVC

Question 8

Compliance

Answer 8

Refers to the ability of the lungs to stretch and expand

Question 9

Elastance:

Answer 9

Ability of a stretched object to return to its resting position

Question 10

CPOD

Answer 10

Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease

Question 11

3 most common causes of CPOD

Answer 11

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and alfa 1-anti tripsin (A1AT) deficiency

Question 12

Is the most common cause of mucosal/tissue hyperplasia

Answer 12

Smoking

Question 13

Criteria of chronic bronchitis

Answer 13

Productive cough >/= 3 months in a year for >2 consecutive years

Question 14

Chronic bronchitis:

Answer 14

Long-Term inflammation of the bronchi

Question 15

COPD obstructs the air ___

Answer 15

Flow out

Question 16

Centriacinar emphysema:

Answer 16

Disease thar affects respiratory bronchioles while sparing distal alveoli

Question 17

Most common affected pulmonar lobes in centriacinar emphysema

Answer 17

Upper lobes

Question 18

4 main signs of chronic bronchitis

Answer 18

• Hypoxemia
• Dyspnea
• CO2 retention (blue bloaters)
• Polycythemia

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Main characteristic of emphysema

Answer 20

Destruction of the alveolar walls without fibrosis causing a loss of elastic tissue, and therefore, a loss of O₂ absorption

Question 21

2 types of emphysema

Answer 21

• Centriacinar
• Panacinar

Question 22

6 sings of enphysema

Answer 22

• Dyspnea
• Cough (less sputum than chronic bronchitis)
• Hyperventilation (Puffers)(maintains O2 levels at start)
• Expiration is prolonged through pursed lips (á airway pressure and prevents airway collapse)
• Weight loss
• Barrel chest

Question 23

A1AT:

Answer 23

Is a protein made by the liver

Question 24

Function of A1AT

Answer 24

Keeps the balance of proteases in lung

Question 25

Effect of liver cirrhosis over A1AT secretion

Answer 25

Increased

Question 26

Protein associated with panacinar emphysema

Answer 26

A1AT

Question 27

Most common lobes affected in panacinar emphysema

Answer 27

Lowers

Question 28

Asthma:

Answer 28

Reversible bronchoconstriction usually due to allergic stimuls

Question 29

Samter Sx:

Answer 29

Asthma, sinus inflammation with recurring polyps and sensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs due to an over production of leukotrienes

Question 30

Samter Sx Tx

Answer 30

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 31

5 symptoms of Samter Sx

Answer 31

• Episodic Symptoms
• Dyspnea
• Wheezing cough
• Hypoxia during episodes
• Mucous plugging