principles 2 wrong answers

Question 1

what is the site of spermatozoa production

Answer 1

seminiferous tubules

Question 2

what drains semen into the urethra

Answer 2

ejaculatury duct

Question 3

what are the rete testis

Answer 3

anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle (mediastinum testis) that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts

Question 4

what drains its venous blood directly into the systemic venous system

Answer 4

anal canal

Question 5

the fracture of this bone could cause trauma to the kidney

Answer 5

rib 11

Question 6

what bone is part of the appendicular skeleton commonly used for obtaining bone marrow aspirates in the adult

Answer 6

ilium

Question 7

a fingertip inserted through the gasto-omental (gastricepiploic) foramen will be within this space

Answer 7

lesser sac

Question 8

the pelvic splanchnic nerves are found in this structure

Answer 8

mesentery of the sigmoid colon

Question 9

what is the gastroepiploic artery

Answer 9

one of the two terminal branches of the gasproduodenal artery. It arises between the superior part of the duodenum and the pancreas. It courses downwards towards the midline, running inferiorly to the pylorus of the stomach

Question 10

contains circulatory muscle arranged in the form of an anatomical sphincter under somatic control

Answer 10

anus

Question 11

contains circulatory and longitudinally arranged muscle which are stimulated to contract by the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 11

sigmoid colon

Question 12

what are the pelvic splanchnic nerves and what do they supply

Answer 12

The pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute to the innervation of the pelvic and genital organs. The nerves regulate the emptying of the urinary bladder, control opening and closing of the internal urethral sphincter, influence motility in the rectum as well as sexual functions like erection

The pelvic splanchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the descending and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and pelvic viscera via the inferior hypogastric plexus. Parasympathetic innervation to the colon and rectum increases peristalsis, and inhibits the internal anal sphincter to allow for defecation.

Question 13

its is a retroperitoneal structure under the control of prostaglandin fibres from the celiac plexus

Answer 13

third part of the duodenum

Question 14

what is the function of the olfactory nerve

Answer 14

sense of smell

Question 15

what is the function of the optic nerve

Answer 15

transmits into to the brain regarding a persons vision

Question 16

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 16

helps control eye movements and upper eyelid

• constriction and relaxation of pupil
• adjust the lens

Question 17

what is the function of the trochlear nerve

Answer 17

involved in eye movement

allows eye to point downward an inward

Question 18

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 18

• helps person chew and clench teeth and gives sensation to muscles in the tympanic membrane in the ear
• The ophthalmic part gives sensation to parts of the eyes, including the cornea, mucosa in the nose, and skin on the nose, the eyelid, and the forehead.
• The maxillary part gives sensation to the middle third of the face, side of the nose, upper teeth, and lower eyelid.
• The mandibular part gives sensation to the lower third of the face, the tongue, mucosa in the mouth, and lower teeth.

Question 19

what is the function of the abducens nerve

Answer 19

helps control eye movements - helps the lateral rectus muscle to turn the gaze outwards

Question 20

what is the function of the facial nerve

Answer 20

- movement of muscles that - - produce facial expression
movement of the lacrimal
- submaxillary, and submandibular glands
- the sensation of the external ear
- the sensation of taste

Question 21

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 21

involved with persons hearing and balance

• The vestibular nerve helps the body sense changes in the position of the head with regard to gravity. The body uses this information to maintain balance.
• The cochlear nerve helps with hearing. Specialized inner hair cells and the basilar membrane vibrate in response to sounds and determine the frequency and magnitude of the sound.

Question 22

what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 22

• The sensory function receives information from the throat, tonsils, middle ear, and back of the tongue. It is also involved with the sensation of taste for the back of the tongue.
• The motor division provides movement to the stylopharyngeus, which is a muscle that allows the throat to shorten and widen.

Question 23

what is the function of the vagus nerve

Answer 23

• The sensory part provides sensation to the outer part of the ear, the throat, the heart, abdominal organs. It also plays a role in taste sensation.
• The motor part provides movement to the throat and soft palate.
• The parasympathetic function regulates heart rhythm and innervates the smooth muscles in the airway, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.

Question 24

what is the function of the accessory nerve

Answer 24

It controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles that allow a person to rotate, extend, and flex the neck and shoulders.

Question 25

what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 25

- supplies the tongue nerve | - can cause paralysis of the tongue

Question 26

where does the branch of the descending thoracic aorta go

Answer 26

becomes the abdominal aorta

Question 27

where does the first branch of the aortic aorta go

Answer 27

- brachiocephalic trunk) - ascends laterally to split into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. These arteries supply the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper limb.

Question 28

where does the internal thoracic artery go

Answer 28

runs under the fascia and deep to the intercostal muscles. In the proximal part, the internal thoracic artery also gives off other vessels which supply the breast, thymus, mediastinum, and sternum.

Question 29

what's the second branch of the aorta and where does it go to

Answer 29

- 2nd branch = left common carotid | - supplies the left side of the head and neck

Question 30

what's the 3rd branch of the aorta and where does it go to

Answer 30

- subclavian arteries | - supplies the left upper limb

Question 31

what does the right carotid artery supply

Answer 31

carries blood to the right side of the brain

Question 32

what doe stem right subclavian arteries supply

Answer 32

delivers blood to the arm and brain

Question 33

abnormal function of the vagus nerve is responsible for this motor deficit

Answer 33

muscle that is active in phonation

Question 34

abnormal function of the oculomotor nerve is responsible for this motor deficit

Answer 34

muscle that constricts the pupil

Question 35

abnormal function of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for

Answer 35

muscle that connects the zygomatic bone to the akin of the upper lip

Question 36

If an infected embolus from the valve suddenly occluded this vessel the patient would suffer ONLY a "stroke" involving the visual cortex

Answer 36

second branch of the arch of aorta

Question 37

If an infected embolus from the valve suddenly occluded this vessel the patient might complain of sharp, stabbing pain well-localised to the postero-lateral part of an intercostal space

Answer 37

branch of the descending thoracic aorta

Question 38

If an infected embolus from the valve suddenly occluded this vessel the patient might be expected to suffer loss of function in one upper limb ONLY

Answer 38

third branch of the arch of aorta

Question 39

During the absorptive state what is the main source of energy

Answer 39

glucose

Question 40

Which complex does not pump protons as electrons pass through the respiratory chain?

Answer 40

complex 2 | - FADH2 --> FAD

Question 41

How many NAD+ molecules are reduced in the degradation of palmitoyl-CoA to form eight molecules of acetyle-CoA?

Answer 41

7

Question 42

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase is only found in cells which have this function or ability:

Answer 42

ability to store glycogen

Question 43

Which of the following mechanisms is used for ATP synthesis in the glycolytic pathway?

Answer 43

substrate phosphorylation - Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP by the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate directly to ADP or GDP.

Question 44

what is a feature of a malignant cell

Answer 44

- increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio - diploidy - marked pleomorphism - abnormal mitotic figures

Question 45

what are features of oncogenes

Answer 45

- They were first identified as genes encoding proteins responsible for the carcinogenic properties of DNA tumour viruses - They can be activated by point mutation - They stimulate cell proliferation - They act in a dominant manner

Question 46

describes the action of a competitive antagonist on the concentration response curve for an agonist acting on the same receptor when displayed on a plot of biological response (linear scale) versus agonist concentration (log scale).

Answer 46

The position of the agonist concentration response curve is shifted to the right in a parallel manner with no change in the maximum response

Question 47

what is the normal range of mean arterial blood pressure

Answer 47

70-105mmHg

Question 48

what does glycogen phosphorylase catalyse

Answer 48

glycogen breakdown

Question 49

virus which can reactivate from a latent state to cause disease?

Answer 49

herpes simplex virus