principles and elements

Question 1

principles

Answer 1

ways to work with or arrange elements

describe the way the elements fit together

Question 2

5 principles

Answer 2

rhythm
emphasis
balance
proportion
harmony

Question 3

rhythm

Answer 3

repeats design elements
creates organized movement and order
provides direction and guides the viewers’ eyes

Question 4

movement

Answer 4

shows action and directs the viewers eyes

Question 5

emphasis

Answer 5

the center of interest
catches the viewers’ attention
creates a focal point
uses color, size or unique shape to create focal point

Question 6

balance

Answer 6

a distribution of visual weight
directs focus for the viewers’ eye
creates a sense of rest and equilibrium

Question 7

2 types of balance

Answer 7

symmetrical (formal balance)

asymmetrical (informal balance)

Question 8

proportion/scale

Answer 8

the relationship of parts to each other and to the design as a whole
explains how size, amount and number relate
difference of the area occupied by one shape to another
exaggerated or centralized to draw viewers’ eye

Question 9

harmony/ unity

Answer 9

when everything in the piece works together
when several elements hold viewers’ attention
components blended together without separation
achieved by repetition of related components

Question 10

elements

Answer 10

‘rules’ we use when creating designs to make them look good

interpretive components used to create distinctive designs

Question 11

5 elements of design

Answer 11

color 
line
space
texture 
form

Question 12

form

Answer 12

also ‘shape’

refers to the outline/ 3-D shape of an arrangement

Question 13

2 types of form

Answer 13

open form– the skeleton is flowers but leaves to interpretation what the shape is
closed form– flowers fill the entire 3-D shape

Question 14

filler material is used

Answer 14

to fill empty space

not ever as a focal point

Question 15

form flowers

Answer 15

unique
not used in every arrangement
unusual shape
sometimes focal point

Question 16

forms ‘within’ forms

Answer 16

refers to the shape or form of the flowers/ foliage
use different shaped flowers to create a shaped arrangement
material types:
line
mass
filler
form

Question 17

line flowers

Answer 17

creates a straight line in an arrangement

if used improperly has peacock or triangular look

Question 18

mass flowers

Answer 18

add weight and fill space

Question 19

line

Answer 19

provides a visual pathway for a viewer’s eye to follow so that they can see the entire arrangement and not just the focal point
creates the structural framework
lines are 2-D

Question 20

4 types of lines

Answer 20

vertical
horizontal
diagonal
curved

Question 21

horizontal lines

Answer 21

acts as a dividing point
represents rest/relaxation
used in funeral pieces

Question 22

vertical lines

Answer 22

sense of height
taller= more powerful
symbol of strength

Question 23

diagonal

Answer 23

imply feeling of movement
helps depth perception/ adds depth
formal

Question 24

curved lines

Answer 24

graceful and gentle

informal

Question 25

static lines

Answer 25

horizontal and vertical | do not encourage movement

Question 26

dynamic lines

Answer 26

diagonal and curved | encourage movement

Question 27

space

Answer 27

area between and around the materials in a design as well as the area those materials occupy

Question 28

positive space

Answer 28

occupied by materials

Question 29

negative space

Answer 29

empty/ open should always be in an arrangement helps form

Question 30

void

Answer 30

connecting spaces

Question 31

texture

Answer 31

surface quality or characteristics of a material

Question 32

incorporating textures into your arrangement will

Answer 32

increase visual interest in the design

Question 33

color

Answer 33

the reflection of light from a pigmented surface transmitted through the brain by the eyes

Question 34

primary colors

Answer 34

red yellow blue

Question 35

secondary colors

Answer 35

created by mixing equal parts of the primary colors orange green violet

Question 36

tertiary colors

Answer 36

``` created by mixing equal parts of a primary color with a secondary color red-orange yellow-orange yellow-green blue-green blue-violet red-violet ```

Question 37

neutral colors

Answer 37

white- presence of all colors black- absence of all colors gray these 3 colors make up the gray scale

Question 38

hue

Answer 38

represents a family of color | red is a pure hue, pink is a tint, maroon is a shade, pink and maroon are members of the red hue

Question 39

value

Answer 39

the lightness or darkness of a hue achieved by the addition of white, gray or black white increases value black decreases value

Question 40

adding white to a hue creates a

Answer 40

tint

Question 41

adding gray to a hue creates a

Answer 41

tone

Question 42

adding black to a hue creates a

Answer 42

shade

Question 43

chroma

Answer 43

refers to the degree of intensity, strength, saturation, or purity of a color

Question 44

purity of a color

Answer 44

freedom from white, black or gray

Question 45

color harmonies

Answer 45

result through the combining of tints, tones, shades and hues

Question 46

relating color harmonies

Answer 46

monochromatic | analogous

Question 47

monochromatic color harmony

Answer 47

includes tints, tones and shades of the same hue

Question 48

analogous color harmony

Answer 48

colors that are adjacent on the color wheel

Question 49

contrasting color harmonies

Answer 49

complementary split complementary triadic polychromatic

Question 50

complementary color harmony

Answer 50

features colors directly opposite on the color wheel

Question 51

split complementary color harmony

Answer 51

combining one color with two colors on either side of its direct complement

Question 52

triadic color harmony

Answer 52

involves 3 colors equally spaced on the color wheel

Question 53

polychromatic color harmony

Answer 53

includes a wide range of colors

Question 54

(color) place lighter value materials -- and in the -- areas of an arrangement. Place darker value materials -- and -- to the -- of the arrangement

Answer 54

``` higher outermost lower closer center ```

Question 55

advancing colors

Answer 55

resemble fire and heat appear active make flowers appear larger and dominant

Question 56

receding colors

Answer 56

cool colors recede and look smaller provide depth

Question 57

to create a focal point in an arrangement using color, a designer will

Answer 57

allow one color to dominate