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plant Science 2 > tools and history > Flashcards

tools and history Flashcards

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1
Q

Baroque Period

A

17th and 18th centuries

art and flowers no longer just for church and wealthy

gaudy and over-decorated contianers

lots of curved lines

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2
Q

aluminum wire

A

available in 12, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 30 gauge

strong and malleable

adds impact to structures and stabilizes them

available in: gold, silver, copper, black, brown, red, pink, strong, pink, purple, blue, turquoise and lime green

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2
Q

ribbon scissors

A

(ribbon with with wire requires scissors with serration)

no serration

smooth edge

long blade

very sharp

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2
Q

Contianers of Egyptain Period

A

wide-mouthed contianer which held more than percieved

made from pottery, gold, slate, and alabaster (shell and quartz like), and faience

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2
Q

Egyptain Period Styles

A

Simplistic arrangements with repetion of flower type and/or color choice

fan-shaped with rows of different types of flowers

used what was available (such as fruits)

bright colors preferred but primary most often used because they were available

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2
Q

Flowers of Egyptain Period–lotis

A

Lotis flower/ water lily most popular flower because it was the flower of Isis–usually given in honor/not for everyday; used in processions and ceremonies

Flowers were placed in low bowls filled with water

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2
Q

Greek Period

A

600 to 146 BC

very few ‘arrangements’

garlands, chaplets, cornucopias, wreaths etc were used on special occasions

petals thrown on ground for almost every occasion

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2
Q

Roman Period

A

28 BC- 325 AD

blossoms and petals scattered for ceremonies (mostly rose)

olive branches used in religious ceremonies

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2
Q

humble jug

A

holds a few stems of flowers

mostly for religious ceremonies

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2
Q

Epergne

A

container that holds arrangement with one large center dish and a few small dishes comming off the side

holds fruits or flowers

used as a centerpiece

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2
Q

Commerical American Design

A

2010

CTs floral industry includes:

600 independent flower shops

90 mass Market Florists

50 Freelance Florists (flower arranging as a side job)

40 growers and suppliers (of tools)

total sales annually: $150 million

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2
Q

pan melt glue on oasis

A

dip bottom of dry piece of foam in melted glue and place in container (glue wont stick to wet piece)

then soak foam and dish on an angle

dont use on glass containers

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2
Q

English-Gregorian Period

A

1700s

named after kings george I,II,III

flower fragarance was important becuase it was thought to ward off disease

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2
Q

Victorian Era styles

A

groups of large masses of flowers in compact design

no true center

created first set of ‘rules’

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2
Q

Ribbon is important because

A

it adds a higher (or lower) percieved value to the arrangement based on the quality of the bow

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2
Q

Ribbon materials

A

lace cotton velvet satin nylon acetate plastic burlap papertwist polypropylene (10 types)

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2
Q

when wholesaler gets flowers…

A

unload in cold storage area (40-50F) with high humidity levels

then unpacked, inspected (for bugs, diseases, damage), processed and repacked into smaller bunches

stored in coolers 36-38F ex. tropical at 50F

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2
Q

precooling

A

the process that replaces the warm air in a box of flowers with refrigerated air

important becuase flowers are using food storage supplies to create energy to sustian life and are giving off heat which will quicke life preoceses

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2
Q

plant cells that are filled with water are called

A

turgid

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3
Q

corsage and boutonniere accessories

A

includes boutonniere and corsage pins, bags and peal pins may include corsage wristbands

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4
Q

wire snips

A

spring action handle with short blades

used to cut heavy duty wire, and corsage and boutonniere stems

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5
Q

purpose of floral food

A

provide sugar (sucrose and dextrose)

lower ph (make more acidic) so it can take up water faster

kill bacteria

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5
Q

rehydration

A

most important step

flowers are dry packed and must be quickly rehydrated

floral food has a rehydration component whic makes flowers 3.5 acidic

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6
Q

Floral foam should be ——- above the rim of the container except when you need it to be higher

A

1/2 in to 1 in

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6
most grower harvest when?
at first light
7
basic goal of chemicals in fresh flower production
increase flowers life
8
most flowers in the US are shipped from
foriegn countries
9
transpiration can be reduced by
low humidity environment avoiding over-handling flowers avoiding drafts
10
how a retailer orders flowers for wedding
call rep and tell her how many flowers, what kind, and when rep will contact wholesaler who will contact broker who will contact bidder
10
after bunches are separated they are
tied w/ elastic and put in sleeves to prevent tangling of heads
12
floral scissors
for cutting ribbon and wire long, slender blade serrated edges should only be used on wire
13
flower grade quality is based on
**stem length** and **flower size** (goes up by 10cm incraments)
14
flowers usually imported via--- and go to
plane or boat major air or boat ports
15
floral preservatives
used to extend shelf life of fresh flowers replenishes food source lowers ph reduces bacterial growth best product for cut flowers created commercially
17
stem strippers
used to remove thorns and leaves from stems needs to be used carefully to prevent stripping bark from stems
19
anchor tape
comes in white and green waterproof and pressure sensitive (sticks to a surface when force is applied to it) also known as waterproof tape for holding wet or dry foam in place
21
how a retailer orders flowers
go to wholesaler website call rep who works at wholesalers
22
always give foam
plenty of time to sink
23
Flower symbolism
art represented religous history rose: sacred/ undying love White lily; fertility
24
types of ribbon
**single faced** (acetate) **double faced** (satin) **curling ribbon**
26
satin ribbon
easiest to work with most commonly used for **weddings **
28
foam should be left to -- until the block has-- ---
sink; stopped bubbling
30
2 ways of tinting
externally: floral spray paint, or floral dip interally: add dye to solution flower is soaking in
31
American Victorian
1845-1900 copied European Victorian styles 1862- garden clubs, which helped people see the importance of horticulture, begin Epergne
32
put similar flowers
in the sam percona
33
types of floral sleeves
plastic, paper and cardboard
35
floral stem tape
activated only when stretched adheres to itself comes in a variety of colors used to create corsages, bouquets, headpieces, boutonnieres and nosegays
36
Egyptian period floral design began in the year
2800 BC
37
how are flowers packed
roses and carns: horizontal orchids and lilys: vertical specialty flowers: damp shredded newspaper
38
bows give an arrangement a -- look
finished (also expensive)
40
storage containers
may include a wet pack for flowers with longer stems can be used for smaller amounts of flowers used to display flowers in coolers
41
exception for floral prepping steps
leatherleaf
42
if there are dry areas in your foam and the end of a flower stem lands in it, it will not
draw water
44
floral foam knifes
extra long blade used to cut foam bricks
45
a bow should be used to -- an arrangement and not:
accent; draw attiention away from flowers
46
HIghest countries for flower consumption
Germany, US, France, Switzerland, Holland, Great Britian, Austria, Belgium, Sweden (top 9)
47
stem blockage
xylem becomes clogged and no water movement can occur most common cause of poor absorbtion
49
the Renaissance period took place in the
14th century
49
more salt in water=
harder for plant to take it up flowers will burn
50
top 5 worldwide fresh flower exporters
colombia, ecuador, netherlands, isreal, italy
51
plants wilt becuase
cells have lost water
53
major floral crops shipped to the US
roses, carnations, mums, babys breath, alstromaria
54
basic steps of prepping flowers
undo boxes take all bunches of flowers out of boxes check invoice prep percona take plastic and elastic off flowers check qualtiy/ health of flowers pull off bottom leaves clean cut bottom of each stem immediately put in water (9 steps)
56
Renaissance Design Style
large elaborate containers based on mass/ large quantity of flowers no visible stems visablly symmetrical/ balanced triangular or cone-shaped also: single stem of lily in humble jug
57
hydrogen ions do what to cut flowers
slow down process of plant taking up water therefore add acid because **lower ph= less hydrogen**
59
Egyptian Period
2800-28 BC Oldest time period of floral aranging
60
common signs of ethelene exposure
yellowing leaves dropped florets fallen petals prevented by ethelene inhibitors
61
cornucopia
started during greek period stood straight up and needed something to hold it up held flowers or fruits symbolized abundance "horn of plenty'
62
Colonial Style
1714-1780 focus on boquets used massed, rounded or fan-shaped picked out of garden but trying to make look nice casual, open, homespun style
64
Gregorian Period Styles
nosegays and tussie-mussies wearable flowers formal and symmetrical
66
size 9 ribbon
best for everything except corsages
67
floral arranging first began in the country of
Egypt
69
floral wire
sizes include: 20, 22, 24, 26 and 30 gauge used to lengthen and strengthen stems and make bows for corsages, arrangements, wreaths and swag holders
69
from grower to retailer
foriegn grower truck or plane auction broker (flowers do not go here) plane (or boat or truck) wholesaler transportation retailer consumer
71
waterproof clay
waterproof once its been used for sticking containers together
72
Victorian Era
named after queen victoria (1837-1901) flower arranging first officially recognised as an art
73
broker
handles functions between buyers and selers at the auctions (sells flowers to wholesalers for the bidder who immediately contacts broker after purchase)
74
on floral foam, always use a --, never break or snap because:
knife it will make the edges uneven and messy and make designing difficult
75
must use a -- bucket to avoid-- --
clean; bacteria growth
76
cut foam in a -- with either a -- knife or a -- knife so that:
straight edge; foam; floral container will fit better
78
Art Nouveau
1890-1910 in Europe and America Curvilinear lines Asymetrical all lines are curved symbolic of nature
80
Fluorocarbons
molecules composed wholly of carbon and fluorine
81
major US flower producing states
California, Florida, Colorado, Hawaii
82
the geometric mass design time period took place in the 1960s and 1970s it was known for
tight geometric bouquets
83
there should be enough water so that the blocks of foam can -- freely
float
85
clear tape
adheres to dry surface and remains in place even when exposed to moisture used to make grids for flowers in vases
86
Early American Style
really a lack of style focus on usefulness plants were grown for food or medical purposes and put into jugs to extend life often dried afterward
87
for ribbons: the larger the number,
the wider the ribbon industry standards dictate what sizes mean
88
the Netherlands are the largest--
flower distributer
90
only cut the -- of foam you--
amout; need
91
Geometric Mass Design
1960s and 1970s psycadelic color-blocking angular shapes tight geometic boquets comined mass and line
92
for formal occasions, ribbon with a -- texture is used
finer
93
how are flowers conditioned
placed in floral preservative solution allow to sit at room temp for 2-3 hr place in cooler set at 34-38F with high humidity and constant light
94
storage in retial shops
stored in perconas in walk-in coolers low temps, high humidity
95
bullion wire
usually 28 gauge adds sparkle and shine great for wrapping stems to add a colorful flair
96
bud opening
speed up bud opening process by letting flowers sit in solution which contians sugar and a germicide (fights bacteria & diseases) flowers need to be in a warm well-lit area when in use
97
glue guns
available in high and low temperature styles sticks come in 1/4 in and 1/2 in used on supplies not flowers
98
Renaissance Period
14th century/1300s period after middle ages arts flourised starts in Italy and spreads throughout Europe
99
Art Deco Style
1920s-1930s strong, geometric lines minimalistic

plant Science 2 (6 decks)

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