Principles of Anesthesiology

Question 1

partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness

Answer 1

anesthesia

Question 2

absence of the normal sense of pain

Answer 2

analgesia

Question 3

what are 4 complications of aspiration?

Answer 3

1. bronchospasm
2. pneumonia
3. ARDS
4. abscess

Question 4

what is the fasting time for clear liquids?

Answer 4

two hours

Question 5

what is the fasting time for non-clear liquids

Answer 5

four hours

Question 6

what is the fasting time of a light meal or snack

Answer 6

six hours

Question 7

what is the fasting time for a full meal

Answer 7

eight hours

Question 8

what are 2 things that muscle relaxants do not ensure?

Answer 8

1. unconsciousness or amnesia
2. analgesia

Question 9

what are the 2 types of muscle relaxants?

Answer 9

1. depolarizing
2. nondepolarizing

Question 10

what do the depolarizing muscle relaxants mimic?

Answer 10

the action of acetylcholine

Question 11

what is the MOA of the nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?

Answer 11

competitive antagonists

Question 12

what is succinylcholine not metabolized by?

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

what is succinylcholine matabolized by?

Answer 13

pseudocholinesterase

Question 14

if the dibucaine number is less than 80, what should not be given?

Answer 14

succinylcholine

Question 15

what are the 2 nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?

Answer 15

1. verocuronium
2. rocuronium

Question 16

what are the nondepolarizing muscle relaxants not metabolized by?

Answer 16

1. acetylcholinesterase
2. pseudocholinesterase

Question 17

what is a reversal agent of the nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?

Answer 17

cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 18

what is the first selective relaxant binding agent?

Answer 18

sugammadex

Question 19

what is sugammadex used for?

Answer 19

reversal of the neuromuscular blockade

Question 20

what are the 3 most common SEs of sugammadex?

Answer 20

1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. pain

Question 21

what is an inherited myopathy that is seen and can cause a hypermetabolic state?

Answer 21

malignant hyperthermia

Question 22

what is there a defect in that can lead to malignant hypertehrmia?

Answer 22

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

what is a trigger agent to malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 23

succinycholine

Question 24

how do you treat malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 24

1. discontinue triggering agents
2. 100% O2
3. cool the patient

Question 25

what can be given to treat malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 25

dantrolene

Question 26

what is the MOA of dantrolene?

Answer 26

impairs muscle contraction and inhibits release of calcium

Question 27

what type of ABX are patients usually allergic to?

Answer 27

1. penicillin 2. cephalosporins

Question 28

what agents are most often responsible for allergic reactions in the surgical population?

Answer 28

succinylcholine and atracurium

Question 29

what is a main adverse effect seen after spinal anesthesia?

Answer 29

headache

Question 30

what are 2 neuroendocrine stress responses?

Answer 30

1. hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous symptoms 2. changes in endocrine function

Question 31

what is the IV:PO conversion of morphine?

Answer 31

1:3

Question 32

what can CBD increase in regards to opioids?

Answer 32

can increase plasma opioid concentrations

Question 33

what is the effect of CBD in regards to warfarin?

Answer 33

inhibition of anticoagulant metabolism and subsequent supratherapeutic plasma levels

Question 34

what do surgical patients have an increased risk of if they have taken cannabis?

Answer 34

MI