Principles Of Cancer Therapy Flashcards
(50 cards)
یه کنسر مثال بزن که بدون تشخیص بافتی و بیوپسی میتونیم پلن درمانی رو بزاریم.
an elevated α-fetoprotein level along with imaging evidence in a patient with cirrhosis, which can be used to make a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.)
منظور از staging تومور چیه؟
to systematically determine the extent of tumor spread.
Tumor staging can be clinical or pathologic. Pathologic staging is more definitive
What is clinical staging?
Clinical staging involves physical examination and imaging studies, including targeted ultrasound (percutaneous or using invasive endoscopy devices), computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, whole-body positron-emission tomography scans, and radionuclide scans, usually in some combination, depending on the propensity of particular tumors to spread to particular organs.
متد TNM که برای pathological staging استفاده میشه چجوریه؟
tumor-node-metastasis (TNM)
بعد بر اساسش میایم استیج تومورو از یک تا ۴ تعیین میکنیم.
careful evaluation of the primary resection specimen for three measurements:
(1) the size and extent of invasion of the primary tumor (the T score),
(2) the number and location of histologically involved regional lymph nodes (the N score)
(3) the presence or absence of distant metastases (the M score).
در برست کنسر کدوم بیومارکر ها بیانگر poor prognosis اند؟
Absence of hormone receptors or expression of HER2 in breast cancer
ریسک عود و درمن انتخابی در تومور استیج. ۱ یا ۳ رو مقایسه کن
استیج ۱:
ریسک عود: کمتر از ۱۰ درصد
chemotherapy is usually not recommended.
استیج ۳:
۴۰تا ۵۰٪
patients are recommended 3 to 6 months of chemotherapy after surgery.
منظور از predictive بودن بیومارکر HER25 چیه؟
overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer predicts response to trastuzumab.
What does KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer predict?
lack of response to antibodies (e.g., cetuximab, panitumumab) that are directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
منظور از performance status بیمار چیه؟ و چرا برا مون مهمه؟
The next step (after staging) is to evaluate the patient’s overall clinical condition with respect to comorbidities affecting major organ function and the patient’s functional ability, termed performance status.
Patients with poor performance status or major comorbid conditions may not derive a benefit from cancer-directed therapy and are at greater risk for adverse events.
CEA
را در کدام کنسر چک میکنیم؟
در کولون
چون یه تومور مارکره که اهمیت prognostic داره برامون
در چه کنسر هایی جراحی curative است؟
Localized solid organ cancer
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی مغز استخوان؟
Aplasia
Leukemia, myelodysplasia
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی اسپاینال کورد؟
None
Myelopathy
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی در قلب؟
None
Pericarditis
cardiomyopathy
coronary artery disease
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی در رکتوم؟
Diarrhoea
Tenesmus
Stricture
Obstruction
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی در چشم؟
Conjunctivitis
Retinopathy
عوارض حاد و دیررس رادیوتراپی در ریه؟
Pneumonia
chronic pneumonia
سلول ها در کدوم فاز مستعد radiation اتد ؟
Cells are most susceptible to radiation during the M and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
اثرات بیولوژیک radiation در بافت ها تحت تاثیر چه فاکتور هایی مودیفای میشه؟
1-the amount of oxygen in the irradiated tissue
2-and the use of chemotherapy for sensitizing tissue to radiation.
دوز radiation در palliative treatment بیشتره یا درمانی؟
For palliative treatment, higher doses per fraction may be used to deliver an effective dose over a shorter period.
کاربرد های external beam therapy?
generate electrons or high-energy radiographs.
1-Electrons have a limited depth of penetration and are useful for superficial tumors.
2-High-energy radiographs deliver the radiation deep into the body while reducing the dose to the skin as they enter.
Current approaches to improving radiation therapy include the use of advanced technology that allows delivery of a higher dose of radia- tion to specific areas of the tumor and sparing of normal tissue (conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy).
What is brachytherapy?
Brachytherapy uses radioactive sources to deliver ionizing radiation (gamma rays) directly to the tumor.
درمان اصلی و definitive برای early prostate cancer ؟
implantation of iodine-125 seeds into the prostate
یه نوع برکی تراپی عه
عوارض حاد radiation در چه بافت هاییه بیشتز ؟
rapidly proliferating tissues such as skin and gastrointestinal mucosa.