Principles Of Cognitive And Behavioural Psychology Flashcards
What is the rationale behind IAPT
Psychiatric disorders are common
They cause a high degree of personal suffering
They have a high financial burden on society
Psychological therapies are an effective alternative or companion to drugs
What is the rationale for CBT?
Cognitions influence emotions and behaviour and contribute to the maintenance of the psychiatric disorder
What disorder specific protocols is there evidence for?
Depression
Anxiety
Sleep Disorder
Pain
Sexual Dysfunction
What’s the conceptual framework of cognition in such disorders?
External triggers that activate maladaptive beliefs
Attentional focus on these beliefs
Maladaptive control mechanisms and altered behaviours
The person focuses on these behaviours which maintains the problem
What does cognitive appraisal involve?
Emotions, behaviours, physical symptoms, subjective experience
What is the issue with cognitive distortion?
They are misperceptions or misinterpretations, don’t reflect reality, and can lead to emotional stress, behaviour problems or physiological arousal
What’s the hot cross bun model of CBT?
Thoughts, behaviours, emotions, and physical symptoms all affect each other. Environment has an effect on our thoughts.
What’s formulation in CBT?
An attempt to understand the problems in a psychological way:
Link past with the present
Consider the mechanism producing the problem and why
What are the 5 Ps of CBT formulation? (Expansion of the 3 Ps)
Presenting issues
Predisposing factors
Precipitating factors
Perpetuating factors
Protective factors (resilience, support network, resources)
What are the most common perpetuating factors seen in CBT?
Escape and avoidance
Fear of fear (anticipating being scared)
What’s the outline of Beck’s cognitive model of emotional disorder?
Early experience -> core beliefs - conditional assumptions and rules - critical incidents -> activation of negative beliefs -> negative automatic thoughts
What symptoms would you look for in a depressed patient?
Negative automatic thoughts - cognitive triad of self, others, and future
Affect - sadness anger, guilt, shame
Cognition - concentration, memory
Motivation - loss of interest/pleasure
Physiology - sleep, appetite, sexual interest
What is the downward spiral of low mood to clinical depression?
Low mood engenders negative cognitive or behavioural response (rumination, negative processing, withdrawal) which lowers mood and enters a vicious cycle
What are the key treatment aims in CBT for depression?
Increasing engagement in activities of enjoyment
Increasing active engagement with areas of difficulty
Improving problem solving
Identifying and counteracting negative cognitions
Developing a more balanced view of the triad
How does CBT counter key characteristics of depression (Padesky)?
Client passivity - therapist activity
Global complaints - clear goal setting
Self criticism - empowerment through guided discovery
Pessimism - thought testing
Hopelessness - problem solving
Low motivation - behavioural experiments
Poor treatment adherence - addressing beliefs
Relapse risk - skills training to reduce risk
What would you do in the below?
Produce a formulation
Address mastery and pleasure
Undertake activity scheduling to get him moving
