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Motor Development 261 > Principles of Motion and Stability > Flashcards

Principles of Motion and Stability Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

Study of the structure and function of biological systems in humans, cells, and plants

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2
Q

What is developmental biomechanics?

A

The sequence of mechanics involved in certain motions

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3
Q

What is the principle of gravity?

A

What goes up must come back down

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4
Q

What does gravity calibrate or encourage its movement towards?

A

People’s individual constraints acting in a specific task oriented environment

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5
Q

Do principles of motion and stability influence the interaction of constraints?

A

Yees

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6
Q

Does gravity act on all movements?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What occurs with gravity as you age and become more developed?

A

You become more proficient and use gravity to your advantage

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8
Q

What kind of muscles do you activate and maintain when executing skilled movement?

A

Postural muscles

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9
Q

What kind of curve is airborne projection?

A

Parabolic

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10
Q

What are movement patterns restricted by

A

Shape of body

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11
Q

Where is the strongest influence in the body in order to optimize movements or discourage movements for a particular task?

A

In the joints

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12
Q

Do all 3 constraints interact to shape or constrain movement pattern?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are 2 examples of limitations of movement due to individual constraints?

A
  1. Shoulder popped out

2. Clavicle popped out

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14
Q

What do children do in terms of movements?

A

They execute the most efficient movement pattern for themselves given their body size, strength, posture, and experience

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15
Q

What causes movement patterns to change?

A

When any one constraint does too

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16
Q

What are different individual constraints in children?

A
  1. Growth
  2. Overall size
  3. Proportions
  4. Experience
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17
Q

What does growth do for a child?

A

Gives them greater force

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18
Q

What does experience do for a child?

A

Allows them to execute skills with greater proficiency

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19
Q

Do children have a lot of ROM?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What can teenagers do that children can’t?

A

Throw proficiently

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21
Q

What can adults do that children can’t?

A

Use their legs, CNS, and balance as a multifunctional unit to receive increased ROM on the throw

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22
Q

Are changes predictable in movement?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What are changes in movement based on?

A

Optimizing principles of motion and stability

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24
Q

What are 3 outputs as you get better at your motion?

A
  1. Force
  2. Velocity
  3. Accuracy
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25
What kind of constraints are principles of motion and stability?
Environmental constraints
26
What is Newton's 1st Law?
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion until acted upon by an outside force
27
What would a force do to anything undergoing Newton's 1st Law?
1. Move something standing still | 2. Change direction of something moving
28
What is inertia?
Resistance to motion related to mass
29
What is momentum?
Product of mass and velocity
30
What must you exert force to do?
Move objects and yourself
31
What does more inertia cause?
Difficulty to move
32
What does inertia require?
More force application
33
What does a child have to learn about inertia?
Objects will keep moving forward without resistance if they are swung forward at a fast enough pace (i.e. baseball bat)
34
What does a child need in order to control inertia first?
Strength
35
What must the child learn about momentum?
Hitting something with more power will allow for greater contact and greater velocity on the object
36
What does momentum cause in terms of force?
Rotational force
37
Does moving an object farther or faster require increased force?
Yes
38
Does moving an object farther or faster require a decreased or increased distance over which force is applied?
Increased distance
39
Does moving an object farther or faster increase the stop length linearly?
Yes
40
What does increasing the ROM and rotational distance do to an object?
Moves it farther and faster
41
What is Newton's 2nd law?
Object's force is related to mass and acceleration
42
What is the 2nd law equation?
F = ma
43
What does the 2nd law equation mean?
Object's acceleration is proportional to the force and inversely related to the mass
44
What can a person only throw as hard as?
A person can only throw as hard as he or she can generate force in their arm
45
When would you require more force?
When throwing a heavier ball or when kicking a ball to make it go farther
46
How could you increase acceleration when throwing at a constant force level?
1. Lighter ball | 2. Trajectory
47
Is there a relationship between force and distance?
Yes
48
How can you increase linear distance?
Using force from your legs
49
How can you increase rotational/angular distance?
Using increased ROM
50
How do you increase your ROM?
You use a predatory windup for more velocity
51
What is the optimal relationship for throwing?
Preparation and application of force with ROM
52
What is Newton's 3rd Law?
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
53
What are 3 environmental constraints in terms of motion?
1. Inertia 2. Acceleration 3. Action-reaction
54
Where and why is the force directed the way it is when kids walk?
It is directed downwards to avoid compromising balance
55
What is the downfall of downwards walking force?
Progression is slow
56
Where and why is the force directed the way it is when adults walk?
It is directed backwards in order to move forwards
57
What is an oppositional movement?
When one body part moves backwards causing the other body to move forwards in unison
58
Where are oppositional movements used?
Locomotor skills
59
What is an example of oppositional movement?
Running
60
What does force generation allow you to do?
Move forward on the path to proficiency
61
What is force generation aided by?
Planar movements
62
What are planar movements?
Force used in the plane of motion where you want to move yourself or an object
63
What should you avoid in force generation?
Rotational movements that reduce the force in the desired plane
64
How can you increase velocity?
Rotating limbs
65
What is rotational movement?
Relationship between velocity of rotating arm and velocity of projected object
66
What does rotational movement cause?
Increase in rotational velocity to swing objects faster
67
What is linear velocity a product of?
Rotational velocity and the radius of rotation
68
When does rotational movement occur?
When limbs rotate around one or several joints
69
What should you do with your limbs before release or contact?
Increase relative length and extend the limb to optimize performance
70
What is an example of extension of the limbs?
Tennis players hitting a serve in a fully extended position for increased velocity
71
Why would you not just keep your limbs extended throughout?
As limb length increases for a given mass then so does the resistance to motion
72
What is the issue between extension of limbs?
Inertia vs. rotational motion
73
What does resistance of motion require?
Increased energy
74
What does bending the limb do?
Decreases and conserves the energy necessary to move the limb
75
What are 2 examples of athletes who extend their limbs for a brief period of time for increased velocity?
1. Sprinters | 2. Baseball players
76
What is the open kinetic chain?
Force of succeeding movements accelerating an object
77
What are 2 characteristics that will lead to proficiency of the open kinetic chain?
1. Optimal sequence | 2. Timing
78
What happens when you increase force application for a given time?
An object will keep moving
79
What happens when you increase time over which a given force is applied?
An object will stop
80
What law has to do with absorbing force?
3rd law
81
How do you absorb force?
Bending limbs
82
What are 2 ways you can decrease the impact of force?
1. Increase time over occurrence of impact | 2. Increase area over occurrence of impact
83
What does absorbing force allow?
Prevention of injuries to maximize performance
84
What developmental skill is used in learning how to absorb force?
Proprioception
85
What is proprioception?
Sense of relative position of one's own body parts
86
What is stability?
Ability to resist movement
87
What is balance?
Ability to maintain equilibrium
88
What do you have when you powerlifting or golf?
Stability
89
What are you doing when you wrestle?
Disturbing someone else's stability
90
What are you doing when you do gymnastics or skate?
Maintaining balance in an unstable position
91
What is the relationship between stability and balance?
When you increase stability you ensure balance but when you are balanced it does not guarantee stability
92
What is the stability mobility trade off?
Stability and mobility can inhibit each other
93
When you are stable what is occurring?
You have a low COG and are inside your base of support
94
Why would minimal stability increase mobility?
Narrowed base of support allows for more dynamic mobility
95
Through experience and practice with narrowing the base of support, what can you do?
Increase mobility and agility
96
What are you doing to your base of support when you increase stability?
Increasing the base
97
What do infants tend to do in terms of stability and mobility?
They limi their mobility and increase their base of support to balance by keeping COG inside
98
What does increased balance allow?
Increased stability and an improvement in strength, coordination, and proprioception
99
Can you detect and correct errors?
Yes
100
Will everyone become proficient at mobility and stability principles?
No
101
Do principles of motion and stability apply to all actions and objects?
Yes
102
What can performers take advantage of in order to increase force or velocity?
Principles of motion

Motor Development 261 (4 decks)

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