private parts Flashcards
(37 cards)
normal anatomy of breasts
montgomery glands; axillary tail adipose;
how often should self breast exams be performed
every month
focused health history for breasts
- pain (mastalgia)
- lumps
- discharge (unless there is lactation)
- rash
- swelling
- trauma
- history of breast disease
- family history
number one risk factor for breast cancer
family history, especially first degree
gynocomastia
breast development in male
common complaints for breast tissue
lump, pain, nipple discharge
risk factors for breast cancer
- age over 50
- early menarche
- late menopause
- nulliparity
- family history of breast cancer
- obesity
- alcohol
- long term estrogen and progesterone replacement after menopause
breast exam INSPECTION components
note
- symmetry
- skin
- look for retraction of breast
breast exam palpation components
feeling for lumps
abnormal findings of breast exam
- sudden increase in size of one breast
- hyperpigmentation
- edema
- retraction of nipple, orange skin appearance
- deviating of nipple
- discharge of nipple
- dimpling or pucker of skin
- enlarged lymph nodes in axilla
positioning for breast exam
arms over head, arms at side, supine
self breast exam components
- expose breasts
- while standing: inspect for symmetry, dimpling, redness, pitting
- while lying: palpate entire breasts and axillae in systematic fashion, light and deep palpation, compare to other breast and look for symmetry
normal findings of self breast exam
- smooth shape without indentations or localized enlargement
- skin should be free of redness of peau dorange
- montgomery tubercles are normal
- no spontaneous discharge
- axillary lymph nodes non tender and non palpabl
red flags for a breast exam
- breast mass
- retractions
- edema
- axillary mass
- scaly nipple
- tender breast
fibrocystic disease
cysts in breast; NOT tumors but needs to be watched more closely
breast diagnostic tests
mammogram
breast ultrasound
needle aspiration
health history for MALE GU complaints
- frequency, urgency, nocturia
- dysuria
- hesitancy/straining
- urine color
- penis pain, lesions, or discharge
- sexual activity and contraceptive use
health history for FEMALE GU complains
- menstrual history
- obstetric history
- menopause
- pelvic pain
- urinary symptoms
- vaginal discharge
- sexual activity and contraceptive use
GYN common complaints
abnormal bleeding
pain
vaginal discharge
urinary symptoms
past medical history for gyn.
- menarche, menopause, reproductive history
- STDs
- PID
- cancer
- diabetes
- other chronic illness
nursing care during gynecological exam
- ask if first pelvic exam, describe procedure and answer questions
- eye contact
- privacy
- appropriate draping
- professionalism
cervical cancer risk factors
- HPV
- HIV
- smoking
- over 3 children
- long term oral contraceptive use
cervical cancer screening
pap smear every 3 years; beginning at age 21 or 3 years after first intercourse
normal findings of gyn.
- labia majora free of nodules or lesions
- labia minora smooth and slightly moist
- white, thin, discharge without odor
- urethral orifice just inside vaginal introitus, without redness or discharge
- no inguinal swelling
- hymenal tissue may be visible in women of all ages
