Problems Of And Solutions To A Changing Environment

Question 1

What is a drug

Answer 1

Any chemical substance that changes the way our body works

Question 2

What is a narcotic

Answer 2

A drug that makes us sleepy

Question 3

What is a pain killer

Answer 3

A drug such as morphine that blocks some electrical impulses so we feel less pain

Question 4

What is a hallucinogen

Answer 4

A drug that causes hallucinations such as LSD

Question 5

What is a stimulant

Answer 5

A drug that makes the brain more alert, e.g. Caffeine which speeds up the reaction time

Question 6

What are depressants

Answer 6

Drugs that increase our reaction time such as alcohol. They slow down activity of neurones

Question 7

What are recreational drugs

Answer 7

Drugs that make someone feel a certain way

Question 8

What can smoking cause

Answer 8

Tar in the cigarets contain chemicals called carcinogens that can cause cancer and kill tissue.

Question 9

Why is carbon monoxide so poisonous

Answer 9

It reduces the O2 capacity of red blood cells meaning tissue get less oxygen making it harder for muscles to work and some of the tissue may even die. Also reduces the size of blood vessels so body cells get even less O2. The dead tissue can also easily get infected if not removed which can cause further problems. Can also cause heart attack if heart gets too little oxygen

Question 10

Why do people get addicted to cigarets

Answer 10

Nicotine makes the smoker feel more relaxed making them want more and more making them addicted

Question 11

Why do people drink alcohol

Answer 11

It increases their reaction times and reduces negative feelings making them feel happier

Question 12

Short term effects of alcohol

Answer 12

Blurred vision
Unconsciousness
Slow nervous system
Bad coordination
Being sick

Question 13

Long term effects of alcohol

Answer 13

Cirrhosis in the liver
Brain damage
Becoming an alcoholic

Question 14

What is cirrhosis

Answer 14

A disease caused by long term drinking that kills the tissue in the liver so it doesn’t function as well and can fail

Question 15

What is the criteria doctors use when deciding who gets an organ transplant

Answer 15

Matching pairs
Similar ages
Geographically close
How ill the patient is

Question 16

What makes a microorganism a pathogen

Answer 16

If they cause infectious diseases.

Question 17

What are vectors in terms of diseases

Answer 17

Animals that pass pathogens from person to person

Question 18

What are antiseptics and examples

Answer 18

Chemical substances that kill microorganisms from outside the body e.g. bleach or iodine

Question 19

Examples of physical barriers that stop pathogens getting into the body

Answer 19

Mucus traps microorganisms
Platelets in blood stop it microorganisms entering by creating clots and scabs
Hairs called cilia in the trachea sweep out mucus and the microorganisms trapped in it

Question 20

What are antibiotics

Answer 20

Chemical substances that kill or prevent the growth of some bacteria and fungi. Don’t stop viruses

Question 21

What are antibiotics that kill fungi called

Answer 21

Antifungals

Question 22

What are bacteria that kill bacteria called

Answer 22

Antibactials

Question 23

Why can over using antibiotics be bad

Answer 23

Like natural selection, some of the pathogens are more resistant and will survive and make more of themselves making more resistant pathogens and soon the antibiotic won’t work anymore

Question 24

Levels in food webs

Answer 24

Producers: make their own food
Prey: eat producers (primary consumers)
Predators: top of chain, eat prey, aren’t eaten (secondary producers)

Question 25

What is biomass

Answer 25

Tissue in an organism that stores energy and when the organism is eaten, the energy in the biomass is passed on

Question 26

Why isn't their anything that eats predators

Answer 26

There isn't enough biomass per square meter to support an organism that feeds of predators, they would have to travel hundreds of miles daily to support their energy needs

Question 27

What is a parasite and host

Answer 27

A parasite is something that uses the host to feed, feeds of the host such as fleas and host blood

Question 28

What are mutualists

Answer 28

When 2 organisms live with each other and benefit each other such as oxpeckers and ox s, oxpeckers gets food from ox as it feeds of the parasites living on the ox and the ox benefits as the parasites on the ox are removed

Question 29

How can a tapeworm kill its host

Answer 29

They live in the intestine and grow in their bodies, if it gets too big it can block the hosts intestines and starve them

Question 30

Example of mutualists living in a host

Answer 30

Nitrogen fixing bacteria living in roots of legumes in plants get protection and plant gets nitric compounds that it needs to grow well

Question 31

Why has hum population grown lots in the last 2 centuries

Answer 31

Because better medication means more people survive and can make children

Question 32

How can using fertiliser lead to water organisms dying

Answer 32

``` Fertiliser (nitrates) are spread onto a field. Rain washes them off into a river River flows into pond Fertiliser is now in pond Fertiliser triggers growth of algae Lots of algae grow and cover pond Under algae is dark Plants under water can't get light Plants die Animals in water have nothing to eat Animals die This is called eutrophication ```

Question 33

How is acid rain made

Answer 33

Power stations create sulphur dioxide This condenses in the cloud with water This makes sulphuric acid When cloud rains acid falls

Question 34

What is an indicator species

Answer 34

A species of organism that reacts to changing pollution levels and can indicate the levels of pollution

Question 35

What is recycling

Answer 35

The process of taking materials out of waste and converting them back into new useable products

Question 36

How is co2 removed from the air

Answer 36

It diffuses into leaves and it becomes glucose during photosynthesis

Question 37

How do we get and what do we use nitrogen compounds for

Answer 37

Through food and used for growth

Question 38

How is nitrogen converted into nitrates

Answer 38

Lightning gives enough energy to make it react with oxygen Nitrogen fixing bacteria fix nitrogen to ammonia which can be used by plants Nitrifying bacteria can turn nitrogen into nitrates which are better than a ammonia