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Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

C4-5

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2
Q

Sternal angle

A

T4-5

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3
Q

Inferior angle of the scapula

A

T7

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4
Q

Xiphoid process

A

T10

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5
Q

Umbilicus

A

L3-4

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6
Q

Iliac crest

A

L4-5

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7
Q

Greater trochanter

A

Level of symphysis pubis

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8
Q

Mesocephalic

A

Petrase pyramids project anteriorly and medially at an angle of 47° from the MSP

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9
Q

Brachycephalic

A

-short from front to back broad from side to side and shallow from vertex to base
-Petras pyramids lie at an average angle of 54°

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10
Q

Dolichocephalic

A

-Long from front to back narrow from side to side and deep from vertex to base
-Petras pyramids form a narrow angle an average of 40°

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11
Q

Lateral skull

A

-IPL perpendicular to IR
-CR 2 inches superior to EAM

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12
Q

PA skull

A

-CR exiting nasion
-symmetry of skull and petrous ridges of the temporal bone fill the orbits

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13
Q

AP axial (Towne)

A

-CR angled 30 caudad through foramen magnum to the OML or 37 to IOML and MSP 2 to 3 inches superior to superciliary ridge
-symmetry of skull and dorsum sellae projected within foramen magnum
-visualize occipital bone

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14
Q

PA axial (Caldwell)

A

-OML perpendicular to IR
-CR 15 caudad to MSP exiting nasion
-symmetry of skull and petrous ridges projected in lower third of orbits
-frontal sinuses visualized and anterior ethmoid sinuses

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15
Q

Submentovertex (SMV) full basal

A

-neck hyperextended until IOML parallel to IR
-CR perpendicular to MSP through sella turcica
-symmetry of mandibular rami of cranium

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16
Q

Lateral facial bone

A

-CR perpendicular to zygoma (midway between EAM and outer canthus
-IOML

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17
Q

Parietoacanthial projection (Waters)

A

-MSP and MML positioned perpendicular to IR neck hyperextended so the OML forms a 37 angle with IR
-CR perpendicular to IR MSP exiting acanthion
-petrous ridges inferior to maxillary sinuses

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18
Q

PA modified parietoacanthial (modified waters)

A

-neck hyperextended, OML placed 55 angles to IR
-MSP exiting acanthion
-shows orbits and possible blow out fracture (inferior rectus muscle)
-petrous ridges in middle of maxillary sinuses
-when doing it with open mouth, you see sphenoid sinuses

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19
Q

Nasal bone parietoacanthial waters

A

-MSP and MML positioned perpendicular to IR neck hyperextended so the OML forms a 37 angle with IR
-demonstrate bony nasal septum

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20
Q

Lateral nasal bone

A

-IPL perpendicular to IR
-CR 2 cm (3/4 inch) below nasion
-shows nasal bone closest to IR and anterior nasal spine

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21
Q

Lateral horizontal beam sinuses

A

-CR 1 inch posterior to outer canthus
-demonstrates all four sinus groups

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22
Q

Paranasal sinuses parietoacanthial waters view

A

-MML positioned perpendicular to IR neck hyperextended so the OML forms a 37 angle with IR
-shows maxillary sinuses free of superimposition
-can also demonstrate sphenoid sinus through open mouth

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23
Q

Submentovertex full basal horizonal beam

A

–neck hyperextended until IOML parallel to IR
-CR perpendicular to MSP through sella turcica 3/4 inch anterior to level of EAM
-demonstrate ethmoid (anterior) and sphenoid (posterior) sinuses

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24
Q

PA axial caldwell paranasal sinuses

A

-demonstrate the frontal and ethmoid sinuses

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25
Middle ear contains what
-Malleus, incus, and stapes -auditory, or eustachian tube, extends from middle ear to nasopharynx
26
Inner ear contains what
Cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule
27
Hip joint is what
Diarthriotic (freely moveable)
28
Sacroiliac joint is what
Amphiarthrotic (little to no movement)
29
How many cranial bones
8
30
How many facial bones
14
31
Bones in calvarium
The frontal, two parietal, and occipital
32
Bones that comprise floor of cranium
Two temporal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
33
AP axial C spine
-CR 15 to 20 cephalic at C4 -intervertebral disk space opened up
34
AP open mouth
-if teeth show extend head -if base of skull on top of odontoid, lower chin
35
Later c spine
-shows vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints, articular facets, and the zygopophyseal joints
36
C spine AP and PA axial obliques
-shows intervertebral foramina -pt rotated 45 degrees -anterior oblique = 15 to 20 caudad CR to C4 -posterior oblique = 15 to 20 cephalic (shows foramina farthest from IR)
37
Lateral swimmers
-elevate arm adjacent to grid -depress shoulder furthest from IR -Demonstrates lateral projection of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
38
AP dens (fuchs)
-dens lying in foramen magnum
39
Breathing technique required for which views
-RAO sternum -AP scapula -lateral T spine -lawrence method -soft tissue later neck
40
AP t spine
-demonstrate thoracic vertebral bodies and intervertebral joints
41
Lateral t spine
-demonstrate vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints, and intervertebral foramine
42
Lumbar spine AP or PA
-AP, pt supine with hips and knees flexed to reduce lordotic curve -CR to level of iliac crest (L4-L5) -demonstrate lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral joint spaces
43
Later L spine
-demonstrate vertebral bodies, intervertebral joint spaces, and intervertebral foramina -can show spondylolisthesis, forward slipping of lumbar vertebrae at level of L5-S1
44
L5-S1 spot lateral
-demonstrate spondylolisthesis -angle 5 degrees caudal for males and 8 degrees caudal for females
45
L spine posterior and anterior oblique
-pt 45 deg -CR level of L3 and 2 inches medial to ASIS furthest from IR -posterior obliques demonstrate the articular facet and zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR- scotty dog
46
AP axial sacrum
-CR 15 cephalic between ASIS and symphysis pubis
47
AP axial coccyx
-CR 10 caudad 2 inches superior to symphysis pubis
48
Myelogram
-inject contrast media in subarachnoid space (intrathecal injection) at L3-L4
49
SI joints
-30 cephalic for males 35 cephalic for females -2 inches above symphysis pubis
50
SI posterior and anterior oblique
-posterior oblique, side of interest elevated 25 to 30 degrees -CR 1 inch medial and 1 1/2 inches distal from ASIS farthest from IR -posterior oblique: dem. SI joint farthest from IR -anterior: side closes to IR
51
AP Hip
-pt supine affected foot rotated 15 deg internal (places femoral neck and hip in true AP) -CR 2 1/2 inches distal to midpoint of line b/w symphysis pubis and ASIS
52
Axiolateral inferosuperior trauma (Clements-Nakayama)
-in cases of possible bilateral hip fractures -grid parallel to femoral neck tilted back 15 degrees -CR 15 posteriorly and perpendicular to femoral neck
53
AP pelvis
-both legs internally rotated 15 to 20 to overcome anteversion of femoral necks - CR 2 inches superior to symphysis pubis
54
AP pelvis bilateral frog leg
-both hips abducted 40 to 45 deg from vertical -CR 1 inch superior to symphysis pubis
55
AP pelvis axial anterior pelvic bones (outlet)
-males 20 to 35 cephalic 2 inches distal to superior border to symphysis pubis -females 30 to 45 cephalic 2 inches distal to superior border to symphysis pubis
56
AP pelvis axial anterior pelvic bones (inlet)
-CR directed 40 caudad at level of ASIS -demonstrate anterior pubic and ishcial bones
57
At what level do the carotid arteries bifurcate
Layngopharynx
58
Posterior oblique pelvis, acetabulum (judet) -effective side down, what shows
Anterior rim of acetabulum
59
Posterior oblique pelvis, acetabulum (judet) -effective side up, what shows
Poster rim of acetabulum
60
What position to see TB
AP lordotic
61
What do u enter for ERCP
Duodenal papilla
62
VCUG position for males
30 deg RPO while voiding

ARRT (9 decks)

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