PROCESS AND AGENTS OF SOCIOLISATION

Question 1

Socialisation

Answer 1

learning the norms and values associated with a particular culture

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of socialisation according to parsons

Answer 2

Primary socialisation

Secondary socialisation

Tertiary socialisation

Question 3

Primary socialisation

Answer 3

takes place within the family and is the first stage of learning the basic norms and values

Question 4

Secondary socialisation

Answer 4

takes place outside family and is where the child learns the wider norms and values this mainly takes place in education industry

Question 5

Tertiary

Answer 5

adult socialisation takes place where people need to adapt to new situations such as parenthood

Question 6

two processes that help individuals accept and internalise societal culture

Answer 6

Formal

Informal

Question 7

Formal socialisation

Answer 7

process where people are deliberately manipulated to ensure they learn to follow rules

Question 8

Informal socialisation

Answer 8

people learning societal culture through watching and learning from those around them

Question 9

What are the agents of social control

Answer 9

Formal social control —> training people to follow rules

Informal social control —> people following norms and values of society

Question 10

4 ways children learn from families

Answer 10

imitation

role models

sanctions

expectations

Question 11

what Parsons (1959) say about value consensus

Answer 11

creating value consensus is the most important aspect of primary socialisation as it helps create social order in society

Question 12

value consensus

Answer 12

shared agreement about key values in society

Question 13

what was parsons belief about marriage

Answer 13

performed a vital function for society and the individual —> believes individuals should have separate roles within the family

male= expressive role
female= instrumental role

Question 14

expressive role

Answer 14

female —> takes care of all domestic roles and looks after house

Question 15

instrumental role

Answer 15

male —> breadwinner does manual jobs

Question 16

Functionalist view on primary socialisation

Answer 16

children have no free will and absorb like sponges—> everything is taught within the family

Question 17

Pester power

Answer 17

another powerful agent of control where children may demand toys/treats from parents who may find it difficult to refuse

Question 18

do marxist agree with functionalist about socialisation

Answer 18

NO!!!
they believe people are not equally socialised

they believe institutions operate to benefit the bourgeoisie and family transmits the ruling class ideology

Question 19

What does marxist David Cooper(1972) believe about roles and development of self

Answer 19

as playing a part of a structure of social control where roles limit behaviour and restricts the development of self

Question 20

how does cooper see roles

Answer 20

as brainwashing on late life as they help control individuals easily

Question 21

Neo- Marxist Bourdieu

Answer 21

emphasises class differences and see socialisation as a way of maintaining inequality

Question 22

what did Bourdieu(1987) claim

Answer 22

children learn set behaviour led and perceptions that mark them out from others with different backgrounds

Question 23

Marxist view of primary socialisation

Answer 23

also assume that children have no free will and that children are absorbed like sponges —> everything this taught within the family

Question 24

what do interactionist believe

Answer 24

individuals have free will or agency and are not completely controlled through socialisation —> they focus on how we develop a sense of self or identity

Question 25

what does interactionist Gerald Handel (2006) believe

Answer 25

children do not blindly accept the norms/values they are socialised into —> not everyone has the same experience of socialisation

Question 26

what are the 3 capabilities that socialisation develops according to handel

Answer 26

develop a capacity for empathy ability to communicate sense of self or identity

Question 27

What is Cooley (1929) argues about a looking glass

Answer 27

people come to possess a looking glass self —> their sense of who the are becomes reflected on themselves

Question 28

What do radical feminist see socialisation as

Answer 28

a means for males to ensure their power in society through reinforcing stereotypical differences

Question 29

Private patriarchy

Answer 29

within homes —> division of labour in homes

Question 30

public patriarchy

Answer 30

wider society —> education, workplace

Question 31

Secondary socialisation

Answer 31

take place outside of homes —> taught the wider norms and values of society

Question 32

Lona and Pater Opie(1993)

Answer 32

children had a street culture which adults were excluded from which was developed through play

Question 33

Handel (interactionist)

Answer 33

peer groups = reference groups who’s opinions are important to a child and with which a child compares themselves

Question 34

Peer group socialisation v adult

Answer 34

peer groups children make the rules rather than following them seek more immediate gratification have values that differ from adult which can lead to socialisation conflict —> demand of peer groups contradict rules made by authority