THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Question 1

What is culture

Answer 1

a way of life of a group of people —> referring to how people are expected to behave and what they tend to believe

Question 2

what is material culture

Answer 2

consists of physical objects that people create attached meaning to

Question 3

what is material culture

Answer 3

the ideas/ values that people share
e.g rules, traditions, language and history

Question 4

how is culture socially constructed

Answer 4

culture varies from social group to social group and changes overtime

Question 5

norms

Answer 5

unwritten rules of behaviour in society they guide us on how to behave

Question 6

how do norms help society

Answer 6

provide order and make social life predictable by setting expectations for behaviour

Question 7

values

Answer 7

beliefs about what is right and wrong

Question 8

how do values differ between cultures

Answer 8

western society material wealth is valued

indigenous culture see wealth as meaningless

Question 9

Status

Answer 9

refers to a persons position in society which can be a job or title

Question 10

what is the difference between ascribed and achieved status

Answer 10

ascribed —> status which a person is given at birth and largely fixed/unchangeable

achieved —> results of effort and choice

Question 11

master status

Answer 11

dominate status that overrides others e.g disability

Question 12

Roles

Answer 12

expected behaviour patterns for individual with particular status

Question 13

Role conflict

Answer 13

when different roles clash, making it difficult to fulfill all responsibilities

Question 14

role expectation

Answer 14

each of our roles are performed in relation to the other

Question 15

Polygyny

Answer 15

where males have more than one wife

Question 16

polyandry

Answer 16

females have more than one husband

Question 17

what roles do children play in some cultures

Answer 17

have more responsibility such as supporting the family

Question 18

Nature

Answer 18

behaviour is driven by biological imperatives and therefore have no free will meaning —> they don’t have a choice in their actions

Question 19

genetic determinism

Answer 19

genes control and influence human behaviour

Question 20

socio-biology

Answer 20

human behaviour is explained by biological factors not socialisation

Question 21

argument against nurture argument

Answer 21

socio-biology justifies aspects of human behaviour which are negative and unacceptable it also ignores the difference between humans and animals

Question 22

evidence against natural explanations

Answer 22

different cultures have different sets of norms and values —> CULTURAL RELATIVITY; women in some cultures are not confined in domestic work

Question 23

collectivist culture

Answer 23

emphasis on belonging to a group over personal freedom

China + Japan

Question 24

individualist culture

Answer 24

personal freedom and personal gain

Question 25

evidence against nature argument

Answer 25

FERAL CHILDREN —> children that have not received contact from humans during childhood meaning therefore have been deprived of primary socialisation