Processing Modes

Question 1

Batch Processing

Answer 1

Definition: Data is collected over time and processed all at once.

Example: Payroll, billing systems

Advantages:

Efficient for large volumes

Reduces need for user interaction

Disadvantages:

No immediate output or feedback

Question 2

Real-Time Processing

Answer 2

Definition: Data is processed immediately as it is entered.

Example: ATMs, flight control systems, online banking

Advantages:

Instant results

Critical for time-sensitive operations

Disadvantages:

Requires fast, powerful systems

More expensive to set up

Question 3

Online Processing

Answer 3

Definition: Similar to real-time; processing happens as users interact with the system (but not always instant).

Example: Online shopping, booking systems

Advantages:

Immediate user interaction

Can update databases live

Disadvantages:

Needs a constant internet connection

Question 4

Transaction Processing

Answer 4

Definition: Processes a series of individual operations (transactions), each treated as a complete unit.

Example: Banking systems, Point of Sale (POS)

Advantages:

Ensures data integrity (no partial updates)

Uses ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)

Disadvantages:

Can be complex to manage

Question 5

Distributed Processing

Answer 5

Definition: Processing tasks are divided among multiple computers (often in different locations).

Example: Cloud computing, Google search engine

Advantages:

Increases speed and fault tolerance

Disadvantages:

Requires good network management and coordination