Processing of Latent Imaging

Question 0

Prepares the surface of the film for proper penetration

Answer 0

Wetting stage

Question 1

Stages of processing (manual)

Answer 1

Wetting
Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

Question 2

Penetrates the gelatin of the emulsion

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

Converts the silver halide crystal to black metallic silver

Answer 3

Development stage

Question 4

Chemical use in development stage

Answer 4

Development solution

Question 5

Amount of blackening depends on:

Answer 5

Temperature
Time
Activity of developer chemicals

Question 6

An up and down movement of tge film within the solution

Answer 6

Agitation

Question 7

In manual processing , agitation should be limited to

Answer 7

5 seconds

Question 8

Too much agitation will result to

Answer 8

Uneven development

Question 9

Removes the excessive developer solution from the film’s surface before putting the film to the fixer solution

Answer 9

Rinsing stage

Question 10

Used to neutralize the alkaline developer solution

Answer 10

Stop bath ( diluted acetic solution)

Question 11

Rinsing in automatic is removed because of the presence of

Answer 11

Squeegee rollers

Question 12

Removes the unexposed silver compounds and hardens gelatin

Answer 12

Fixing stage

Question 13

Chemical use in fixing stage

Answer 13

Fixer solution

Question 14

Activity of fixer solution is derermined by

Answer 14

pH level of solution

Silver concentration on fixer

Question 15

Removes residual fixer from the film emulsion and remainder of soluble silver salts

Answer 15

Washing stage

Question 16

Dries the film and completely hardens the gelatin

Answer 16

Drying stage

Question 17

Container of the water

Answer 17

Master tank

Question 18

Container of the developer and fixer solution

Answer 18

Insert tank

Question 19

Quantitative method of measuring the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Answer 19

pH

Question 20

The basis of the pH scale.

Answer 20

Pure water

Question 21

Acid portion of the substance in a solution

Answer 21

H+ ion

Question 22

Alkaline portion of the substance in a solution

Answer 22

OH

Question 23

pH has a value of

Answer 23

0-14

Question 24

_____ pH level is neutral

Answer 24

7

Question 25

Developer for auto processing have a pH range of

Answer 25

9.6 - 10.6

Question 26

Fixer for auto processing have a pH range of

Answer 26

4.2-4.9

Question 27

Developer chemicals has 2 functions

Answer 27

Conversion | Selectivity

Question 28

Convert crystal to black metallic silver

Answer 28

Conversion

Question 29

Must differentiate between exposed silevr halide from unexposed silver halide

Answer 29

Selectivity

Question 30

Converts exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic silver Provides electrons to the crystal to change positive silver to black neutral silver

Answer 30

Developing agent / reducing agent

Question 31

Solution which hydrogen concentration is practically unchanged by dilution

Answer 31

Buffer

Question 32

Absorbing harmful by products of development action

Answer 32

Buffer

Question 33

Loss of activity of developer

Answer 33

Exhaustion | Oxidation

Question 34

Controls developer activity by ensuring correct pH Gives alkaline in solution

Answer 34

Accelerator / activator

Question 35

Improves selectivity of developer , ensuring low fog and high image contrast

Answer 35

Restrainer / anti-foggant

Question 36

Reduce aerial oxidation to minimum

Answer 36

Preservative

Question 37

Metods of reducing aerial oxidation

Answer 37

High preservative level Floating lid Closely fitting roller Deep narrow tanks

Question 38

Soften hard water supplies, preventing precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts

Answer 38

Sequestering agent

Question 39

Act as solvent for all chemicals

Answer 39

Solvent ( water)

Question 40

Reduces emulsion swelling and softening ( automatic)

Answer 40

Hardening agent

Question 41

Stimulate uniform development by reducing the surface tension bet ghe developing solution and film emulsion

Answer 41

Wetting agent ( detergent)

Question 42

Reduce foaming mainly due to the presence of wetting agent

Answer 42

Anti - frothant ( anti- foaming)

Question 43

Prevents the growth of fungi

Answer 43

Fungicide

Question 44

Depresses the pH of the developer

Answer 44

Starter solution

Question 45

Replaces the exhausted developer

Answer 45

Replenisher

Question 46

Average replenishment is

Answer 46

40-60 ml for every 35 cm film

Question 47

Factors affects to development

Answer 47

Time Temperature Concentration of chemical

Question 48

2 fixer chemicals function

Answer 48

Conversion | Selectivity

Question 49

Convert unexposed undeveloped silver halide crystals to soluble silver complexes

Answer 49

Conversion

Question 50

Must no effect on either the metallic silver in the developed image w/c it us suspended

Answer 50

Selectivity

Question 51

Converts unexposed, undeveloped silver bromide into water soluble silver complexes Produces the transparent appearance of the film

Answer 51

Fixing agent /clearing agent

Question 52

Agawan ng fixer at developer

Answer 52

Dichronic fog

Question 53

Stop development by neutralizing tge alkali developer

Answer 53

Acid ( activator)

Question 54

Maintain the pH of the fixing solution w/in fine tolerance

Answer 54

Buffer

Question 55

Reduced to minimum the breakdown of fixing agent into sulfur particles

Answer 55

Preservative

Question 56

Control the swelling and softening of the emulsion

Answer 56

Hardener

Question 57

Average replenishment is

Answer 57

80-100 ml for every 35 cm film

Question 58

Remove the remainder of the soluble silver complex salts that have not been removed by the water

Answer 58

Washing

Question 59

Length of time a film will store w/i significant detoriation

Answer 59

Archival permanence

Question 60

Responsible for yellow-brown strains

Answer 60

Salts

Question 61

Uses two electrodes . Silver ions are attracted to tge cathode is neutralized

Answer 61

Electrolytic method

Question 124

Types of manual processing

Answer 124

Time-temperature method | Sight development

Question 125

Types of processing

Answer 125

Manual Automatic Day light system

Question 126

Wash water passes through the steel wool fibers and silver ions exchanges with iron ions in the steel wool

Answer 126

Metal ion exchange

Question 127

Sodium suphide is added to waste fixer

Answer 127

Precipitation