producing new cells

Question 1

what are cells

Answer 1

the building blocks of life / a basic unit of all living things

Question 2

state 3 differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 2

plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole which animal cells don’t have

Question 3

why do most plant cells contain chloroplast

Answer 3

because chloroplast is used or photosynthesis

Question 4

state the function of the cell membrane

Answer 4

it controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 5

state the function of the nucleus

Answer 5

it controls most cell activity and stores DNA

Question 6

state the location of most chemical reactions in a cell

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

what is the function of a vacuole in a plant cell

Answer 7

it supports the shape of the cell and stores cell sap

Question 8

where does aerobic respiration take place in a cell

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

why is respiration important to all cells

Answer 9

it is the process by which they produce energy

Question 10

state the function of ribosomes

Answer 10

they are the sight of protein synthesis

Question 11

where are the mitrochondria and ribosomes found

Answer 11

in the cytoplasm

Question 12

where does photosynthesis take place in a plant

Answer 12

chloroplast

Question 13

what is photosynthesis

Answer 13

the process where plants make there own energy

Question 14

what is the purpose of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis

Answer 14

it is the pigment In the process

Question 15

in plants what is the cell wall compose of

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

state three organelles present in a plant cell that are absent in an animal cell

Answer 16

cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole

Question 17

state the function of the mitochondria

Answer 17

site of aerobic espiration

Question 18

state the function of the cell wall

Answer 18

gives support to the structure of the cell

Question 19

state the function of the vacuole

Answer 19

store cell sap

Question 20

state the function of the ribosomes

Answer 20

the site of protein synthesis

Question 21

state the function of the nucleus

Answer 21

controls most cell activity

Question 22

state the function of the cell membrane

Answer 22

controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 23

give two reasons cell division is important

Answer 23

to produce new cells for growth and repair old cells

Question 24

which part of the cell controls cell division

Answer 24

the nucleus

Question 25

what are the structures in the nucleus called? what chemical are the made from and what do they do?

Answer 25

chromosomes- DNA- they carry genetic information

Question 26

what is mitosis

Answer 26

Mitosis is the process of cell division

Question 27

how many stages of mitosis are there

Answer 27

6

Question 28

what do chromosomes consist of

Answer 28

consists of 2 chromatids joined at a point called the centimetre

Question 29

where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 29

chloroplasts

Question 30

describe stage 1 of mitosis

Answer 30

the chromosomes become more visible when they form into 2 identical chromotides

Question 31

describe stage 2 of mitosis

Answer 31

the chromatids shorten and thicken

Question 32

describe stage 3 of mitosis

Answer 32

spindle fibres form, the nuclear membrane disintegrates and the spindle fibres fill the cell, each chromosome attaches to the spindle fibre at the cenotmeter

Question 33

where do the chromosomes attach to the spinde fibres

Answer 33

centomere

Question 34

describe stage 4 of mitosis

Answer 34

the chromatides are pulled apart by the spindle fibres and move to opposite ends of the cell (poles)

Question 35

describe stage 5&6 of mitosis

Answer 35

the nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides creating 2 daughter cells

Question 36

what is the name given to the original cell

Answer 36

mother cell

Question 37

what is the names given to the 2 new cells created

Answer 37

daughter cells

Question 38

what is the chromosome complement in humans

Answer 38

46

Question 39

another name for cell division

Answer 39

mitosis

Question 40

why is it important that the new cells produced have the diploid chromosomes complement

Answer 40

so it can function properly

Question 41

what are stem cells

Answer 41

unspecialised cells that divide to produce more stem cells or produce cells that can go on to become specialised cells

Question 42

where can stem cells be obtained (5)

Answer 42

-embryos -foetuses -umbilical cord blood -amniotic fluid -bone marrow and blood(these would be classed as tissue stem cells) skin, liver,ancreas,muscels-frann

Question 43

describe 2 main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Answer 43

embryonic have the ability to become any other cell but adult stem cells can only become one type of cell. Embryonic can divide continually(indefinitely )

Question 44

why are the use of embryonic stem cells considered to be controversial

Answer 44

because its destroying a potential human life

Question 45

if stem cell could produce organs, what problem that already inxsist could be overcome

Answer 45

you don't need to wait for a death of a human for an organ donations

Question 46

what is the defination of a tissue

Answer 46

a group of similar cells working together to preform a function/job

Question 47

where would u find the cardiac muscle

Answer 47

round the heart

Question 48

what is the difference between a tissue and an organ

Answer 48

organs are a group of tissues working together

Question 49

what is cell sap

Answer 49

solution of sugar and salts

Question 50

what is cellulose

Answer 50

what plant walls are made up of

Question 51

what is the meaning of the term diploid

Answer 51

a cell containing a matching set of chromosomes

Question 52

define the term multicellular organism

Answer 52

term used to describe organism which consists of more than one cell

Question 53

define organel

Answer 53

structures within a cell each with a specific function

Question 54

define unicellular

Answer 54

term used to describe an organism that consists of just one cell

Question 55

what does mitosis do to the dipliod chromosomes complement

Answer 55

maintains it

Question 56

state the location of the chromosomes

Answer 56

nucleas

Question 57

what is the chromosome complement

Answer 57

the number of chromosomes found in the nucleas

Question 58

order the higharche smallest to biggest organs, tissues,cells,system

Answer 58

cells, tissue,organs,system

Question 59

where does cell division start

Answer 59

nucleas

Question 60

where do the cells line up during the mitosis

Answer 60

equator

Question 61

what do anti bodies do

Answer 61

destroy pathogens