transport system in animals

Question 1

name the three components of the blood

Answer 1

plasma, red blood cell and white blood cell

Question 2

state the function of red blood cells

Answer 2

they are involved in transporting oxygen

Question 3

give six examples of substances transported in blood

Answer 3

hormones, oxygen, glucose, vitamins, heat and disease

Question 4

describe how red blood cells are adapted for there functions

Answer 4

they have no nuclear and bio-concave shape to carry more oxygen

Question 5

what is the function of haemoglobin

Answer 5

picks up oxygen from the lungs and forming oxyhemoglobin

Question 6

state the function of a white blood cell

Answer 6

destroys pathogens

Question 7

name the two types of white blood cell

Answer 7

phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 8

describe phagocytes function

Answer 8

carry out phagocytosis

Question 9

what is phagocytosis

Answer 9

it is when a cell “eats” or engulfs something, usually a harmful particle like bacteria or debris in the blood

Question 10

describe the lymphocytes function

Answer 10

it produces antibodies which destory pathogens

Question 11

what is plasma

Answer 11

it is the yellow liquid of the blood

Question 12

what are platelets involved in

Answer 12

forming clots when a blood vessel is damaged

Question 13

what does plasma carry around the body (3)

Answer 13

glucose, urea and carbon dioxide

Question 14

what does haemoglobin pick up and from

Answer 14

picks up- oxygen form the lungs
forms- oxyhemoglobin

Question 15

name the four chamber of the heart

Answer 15

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

Question 16

what are the functions of valves in the heat

Answer 16

they prevent back flow of blood between chambers

Question 17

describe the directions of blood flow through the heart starting with the pulmonary artery

Answer 17

pulmonary artery- lungs- pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle- aorta- body- vena cava- right atrium- right ventricle- plmonaryartery artery

Question 18

which ventricle wall is thicker and why ?

Answer 18

left ventricle - has to pump oxygenated blood all over the body not just to the lungs like the right ventricle

Question 19

where does the cardiac muscle of the heart get its blood supply from

Answer 19

coronary arteries

Question 20

what does the circulatory system in mammals consist of

Answer 20

heart, blood vessels and blood

Question 21

how much blood does the average humans body contain

Answer 21

8-10 pints

Question 22

how many times does the heart beat per minuet

Answer 22

70-72 (bpm)

Question 23

what is the name of the special type of muscle in the heart

Answer 23

cardiac muscle

Question 24

what is the specialty of the cardiac muscle compared to other muscles

Answer 24

it never tires/ does not become fatigued

Question 25

what type of blood is pumped by the left and right sides

Answer 25

left- pumps oxygenated blood right-pumps deoxygenated blood

Question 26

what type of blood is carried by veins except the pulmonary vein

Answer 26

deoxygenated

Question 27

what type of blood is carried by artery except the pulmonary artery

Answer 27

oxygenated

Question 28

name the type of blood vessel which transports blood away from the heart

Answer 28

artery

Question 29

name the blood vessel which transports blood towards the heart

Answer 29

vein

Question 30

in which type of blood vessel would you feel a pulse

Answer 30

artery

Question 31

which type of blood vessel has valves, why ?

Answer 31

vein- it has a lower pressure so to prevent backflow

Question 32

name the one artery in the body which carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 32

pulmonary artery

Question 33

name the one vein in the body which carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 33

pulmonary vien

Question 34

why does an artery have a thick muscular wall unlike the vein

Answer 34

it has a higher blood pressure then veins so not to tear

Question 35

describe two ways in which a capillary bed is adapted to allow efficient gas exchange

Answer 35

large surface area and thin walled

Question 36

what gas is absorbed during gas exchange in the alveoli

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

what gas is released during gas exchange in the aveoili

Answer 37

carbon dioxide/ CO2

Question 38

what is ent by the term gas exchange

Answer 38

when one gas (oxygen) and on leaves (carbon dioxide)

Question 39

in mammals where does gas exchange take place

Answer 39

lungs/alveoli

Question 40

what 4 adaptions do alveoli have for their role in gas exchange

Answer 40

thin walled large surface area moist good blood supply

Question 41

why are there so many alveoli present inside the lungs

Answer 41

to maximise gas exchange

Question 42

what traps dust and germs in the trachea and bronchi (2)

Answer 42

mucus and cilia (hairs)

Question 43

what is the function of the cilia in the trachea and bronchi

Answer 43

beat the mucas upwards

Question 44

what is the function of the rings of cartilage

Answer 44

to keep the wind pipe open

Question 45

where do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange through

Answer 45

the walls of the alveoli

Question 46

in humans around how many alveoli are in the lungs

Answer 46

700million

Question 47

what do antibodies do

Answer 47

destroy pathogens

Question 48

what gas is absorbed during gas exchange in the alveoli

Answer 48

oxygen

Question 49

what gas is released in the alveoli during gas exchange

Answer 49

carbon dioxide /CO2

Question 50

what is ment by the term gas exchange

Answer 50

when one has enters and one leaves

Question 51

in mammals where does gas exchange take place

Answer 51

lungs / alveoli

Question 52

how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange (4)

Answer 52

thin walled large surface area moist good blood supply

Question 53

why are there alveoli present in the lungs

Answer 53

to maximise gas exchange

Question 54

what traps dust and germs

Answer 54

mucus and cilia

Question 55

what are cilia

Answer 55

hairs

Question 56

where are cilia found

Answer 56

bronchus and trachea

Question 57

what is the function of the rings of cartilage in the trachea

Answer 57

to keep the wind pipe open

Question 58

define the term digestion

Answer 58

the breakdown of large insoluble food particles into small soluble ones so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 59

put the following into order -stomach,anus, large intestine, mouth,oesophagus, small intestine, rectum

Answer 59

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, rectum, anus

Question 60

what are the function of villi

Answer 60

they are the main sites of absorption in the small intestine

Question 61

3 ways villi are adapted to absorb and transport digested food

Answer 61

large surface area think walls very long

Question 62

what is the aorta

Answer 62

the main artery that carry’s oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 63

what is the alimentary canal

Answer 63

digestive system

Question 64

what are alveoli’s

Answer 64

tiny air sacks in the lungs that allow efficient gas exchange to occur

Question 65

what are artery’s what do the carry, where and what does it have

Answer 65

blood vessels which transport oxygenated blood away from the heart and it has a thick muscular walls

Question 66

what is atrium

Answer 66

chambers of the heart where blood enters

Question 67

what muscle never tires or get fatigues

Answer 67

cardiac muscle

Question 68

what are capillaries

Answer 68

thin walled blood vessels

Question 69

what is heamoglobin

Answer 69

red pigment in red blood cells that combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

Question 70

what do platelets do

Answer 70

cell fragments found in the blood which are involved in blood clotting

Question 71

what does the red blood cells do

Answer 71

transport oxygen

Question 72

what is the vena cava

Answer 72

the main vein which carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 73

which part of the villi absorb fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 73

capillary network

Question 74

which part of the villis absorb amino acids and glucose

Answer 74

lacteal