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PAES Terms (Full) > Production Machinery > Flashcards

Production Machinery Flashcards

1
Q

consists of parts and services provided by the manufacturers/ distributors/ dealers to the end user to ensure continuous serviceability of agricultural machinery

A

after-sales services

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2
Q

consists of agricultural tractors, self-propelled and pedestrian-operated machines, implements, and other equipment primarily used for agricultural operations

A

agricultural machinery

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3
Q

authorized representative of distributors and/or manufacturers to supply, trade, sell and
service agricultural machinery to end-users

A

dealer

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4
Q

trading entity authorized by foreign and local suppliers and/or manufacturers to distribute agricultural machinery to dealers

A

distributor

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5
Q

Philippine-based, foreign or Filipino-owned, manufacturing entity involved in the
production and distribution of agricultural machinery

A

manufacturer

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6
Q

guarantee; expressed assurance of the quality of the materials and workmanship of the
products offered for sale or length of satisfactory use to be expected from a product under
normal use

A

warranty

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7
Q

trailer designed to carry load for agricultural purposes without power of its own

A

agricultural trailer

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8
Q

gross weight; sum of payload and unladen mass of the trailer expressed in tons

A

gross load

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9
Q

vertical distance between the ground and the lowest point of the trailer

A

ground clearance

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10
Q

brake actuated by a compressive force in the hitch between a trailer and the towing
tractor used to decelerate a moving trailer

A

over-run brake

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11
Q

brake actuated by a pedal or lever to keep the trailer in stationary or parked position

A

parking brake

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12
Q

net weight; uniformly distributed maximum safe load which can be transported by the
trailer expressed in tons

A

payload

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13
Q

brake actuated by a pedal or lever to decelerate and stop a moving trailer

A

service brake

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14
Q

tare weight; mass of a trailer with all its usual fittings but without any load

A

unladen mass

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15
Q

horizontal distance between foremost and rearmost axles or wheels measured at the
center of the ground contact

A

wheel base

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16
Q

wheel track; distance between the outermost wheels at the same axle measured at the
center of ground contact

A

wheel tread

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17
Q

agricultural trailer whose total load is supported by at least two axles with four or more
wheels when detached from the towing tractor

A

balanced trailer

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18
Q

agricultural trailer with one axle and two wheels which, while in use, part of its load is
transferred to the towing tractor and the rest of the load is carried on its axle

A

semi-trailer

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19
Q

total static load supported by the wheels on the respective axle

A

axle load

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20
Q

hitch point of the trailer’s pullbar to be attached to the towing tractor

A

tow eye

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21
Q

discharge at maximum efficiency

A

capacity

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22
Q

type of pump with impellers rotating inside a closed casing which draws water into the
pump through a central inlet opening and forces water out through a discharge outlet at
the periphery of the housing by means of centrifugal force

A

centrifugal pump

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23
Q

turbine pump; type of centrifugal pump wherein the impeller is surrounded by diffuser
vanes

A

diffuser pump

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24
Q

type of centrifugal pump with a casing made in the form of a spiral or volute curve

A

volute pump

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25
Q

quantity used to express a form (or combination of forms) of the energy content of the liquid per unit weight of the liquid referred to any arbitrary datum

A

head

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26
Q

performance characteristic required of the pump and is the NPSH at the pump inlet

A

net positive suction
head required (NPSHR)

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27
Q

device used to lift or transfer water from one source to another

A

pump

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28
Q

ratio of the power output to the power input of the pump

A

pump efficiency

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29
Q

filling up the pump with water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through a vent
and create a liquid seal inside the casing

A

priming

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30
Q

power required to drive the pump shaft

A

shaft power

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31
Q

theoretical power required for pumping

A

water power

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32
Q

type of pump has an impeller which has suction cavity on one side.

A

single suction

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33
Q

type of pump has an impeller which has suction cavity on both sides

A

double suction

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34
Q

pump has a vertical impeller mounted on a horizontal shaft

A

horizontal centrifugal
pump

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35
Q

has a horizontal impeller mounted on a vertical shaft

A

vertical centrifugal
pump

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36
Q

pump is one that needs to be manually primed. The system has to be filled initially by
pouring water into the pipes from a bucket and thereafter the footvalve will keep water in
the system even after the pump is not used for some time.

A

non-self priming

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37
Q

one that develops a vacuum sufficiently enough for atmospheric pressure to force the
liquid to flow through the suction pipe into the pump casing without priming the pump.

A

self-priming pump

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38
Q

type of pump which develop most of the suction and discharge head by propelling or
lifting action of the impeller vanes on the water

A

axial flow pump

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39
Q

datum elevation; for horizontal shaft pumps, the distance from the level of water source
to the centerline of the pump shaft; for vertical single suction pumps

A

base plane

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40
Q

formation of cavities filled with water vapor due to local pressure drop and collapse as
soon as the vapor bubbles reach regions of high pressure

A

cavitation

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41
Q

equivalent head required to overcome the friction caused by the flow through the pipe
and pipe fittings

A

friction head

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42
Q

type of pump which combines some of the features of both centrifugal and the axial flow
pump and in which head is developed partly by the centrifugal force and partly by the lift
of the vanes on the water

A

mixed flow pump

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43
Q

total suction head determined at the suction nozzle (corrected to pump center line) minus
the vapor pressure of water at the pumping temperature

A

net positive suction
head-NPSH

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44
Q

NPSH as determined from the actual suction piping conditions

A

net positive suction
head available (NPSHA)

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45
Q

curve which represents the interrelationship between capacity, head, power, NPSH and
efficiency of the pump

A

performance curve

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46
Q

vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to the discharge water level

A

static discharge head

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47
Q

vertical distance from the free suction water level to the center line of the pump - NOTE It
exists when the source of water supply is above the center line of the pump.

A

static suction head

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48
Q

vertical distance from the free suction water level to the center line of the pump - NOTE It
exists when the source of water supply is below the centerline of the pump.

A

static suction lift

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49
Q

sum of static discharge head, friction, and exit losses in the discharge piping plus the
velocity head and pressure head at the point of discharge

A

total discharge head

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50
Q

measure of energy increase imparted to the water by the pump and the algebraic
difference between the total discharge head and total suction head

A

total head

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51
Q

vertical distance from the center line of the pump to the free level of the water to be
pumped minus all friction losses in suction pipe and fittings, plus any pressure head
existing on the suction supply

A

total suction head

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52
Q

sum of static suction lift, friction and entrance losses in the suction piping

A

total suction lift

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53
Q

pressure expressed in meters required to create the velocity of flow

A

velocity head

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54
Q

implement consisting of two or four gangs of concave steel discs used for additional
pulverization, mixing of pesticides and fertilizers into the soil, leveling and firming the soil,
closing of air pockets and eradication of weeds

A

disc harrow

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55
Q

set of concave discs, which is mounted on a common shaft and separated by a spool

A

gang

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56
Q

circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil

A

concave head

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57
Q

transverse distance between two adjacent disc edges

A

disc spacing

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58
Q

consists of two gangs of discs, placed end-to-end at an angle, which throw the soil in
opposite directions

A

single-action disc
harrow

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59
Q

consists of two or more gangs, in which a set of two gangs follows behind the front gangs

A

tandem disc harrow

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60
Q

consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the
harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor centerline

A

offset disc harrow

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61
Q

structure on which the gangs are fitted

A

frame

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62
Q

angle between the axis of gang and the line perpendicular to the direction of motion

A

gang angle

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63
Q

mechanism by which the gang angles are adjusted

A

gang angling
mechanism

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64
Q

shaft on which a set of concave discs are fitted

A

gang axle

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65
Q

portion of an implement designed to connect the implement to the power source

A

hitch

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66
Q

angle between the axes of two adjacent gangs

A

included angle

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67
Q

component which scrapes the soil adhering to the concave side of the disc

A

scraper

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68
Q

disc angle; angle, in the soil surface plane, between a tool axis and a line, which is
perpendicular to the direction of travel

A

side angle

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69
Q

flanged tube mounted on gang axle and placed between two discs to prevent the lateral
movement of the discs on the shaft

A

spool

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70
Q

transverse distance between the top or bottom cutting edges of the end discs

A

width of cut - disc plow

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71
Q

rolling implement that cuts, lifts, inverts and throws to one side a layer of soil (furrow
slice) to bury surface materials

A

disc plow

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72
Q

self-propelled, wheeled vehicle having two axles designed to carry, pull or propel
agricultural implements and machines

A

four-wheel tractor

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73
Q

unplowed portion of the field at both ends of the furrow strip initially used for turning the
draft animal/tractor and implement

A

headland

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74
Q

sliding implement that cuts, lifts, inverts and throws to one side a layer of soil (furrow
slice) to bury surface materials

A

moldboard plow

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75
Q

angle made by the disc with the vertical line

A

tilt angle

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76
Q

two-wheel tractor; hand tractor; pedestrian tractor; self-propelled machine having a single
axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or mounted agricultural implements and
machinery

A

walking-type
agricultural tractor

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77
Q

distance measured from the wing of share to the point of share

A

width of cut -
moldboard plow

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78
Q

circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil

A

concave disc

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79
Q

vertical distance measured from the lowest point to the center of the disc when its
concave side is placed on a flat surface

A

concavity

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80
Q

beam; upright support which connects the shank to tillage implement frame

A

standard

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81
Q

structural assembly which is used to drill holes for the purpose of water-well construction

A

drilling rig

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82
Q

serves as an adaptor of the drill bit and conduit of water jet channel

A

drilling pipe

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83
Q

bit attached to the end of the drilling pipe which is directly in contact with the soil
formation and serves as cutting device during drilling operation

A

drill bit

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84
Q

structure which supports the entire drilling system

A

main rig assembly

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85
Q

jetting stem; light weight pipes used during high velocity flow (jetting) operation

A

surging stem

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86
Q

current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use
without exceeding its temperature rating

A

ampacity

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87
Q

switch; device, or group of devices, or other means by which the electric motor can be
disconnected from the power supply

A

disconnecting means

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88
Q

time rating; refers to how frequently the motor is started and how long it will run each
time it is started

A

duty rating

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89
Q

machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

A

electric motor

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90
Q

case or housing which prevents the operator from accidental contact with energized parts
and protect the motor from physical damage

A

enclosure

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91
Q

standardized motor mounting and shaft dimensions as established by National Electric
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) or International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

A

frame designation

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92
Q

maximum current required to start the motor

A

locked-rotor current

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93
Q

number of individual voltages applied to the motor

A

phase

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94
Q

has three individual voltages applied to the motor

A

three-phase

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95
Q

has one voltage applied to the motor in the shape of a sine wave

A

single-phase

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96
Q

armature winding; rotating part of electric motor which is typically constructed of a laminated steel core containing current-carrying copper wires

A

rotor

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97
Q

indicates the maximum load that can be successfully carried by the motor if it is to operate continuously and remain within a safe temperature range

A

service factor

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98
Q

field poles; stationary part of electric motor consisting of copper windings which is placed
in a laminated iron core

A

stator

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99
Q

temperature of a motor operating under rated conditions, which is above ambient
temperature

A

temperature rise

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100
Q

device which protects the motor against overheating due to overload or failure to start

A

thermal protector

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101
Q

twisting or turning force produced by the motor

A

torque

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102
Q

pull out torque; maximum torque a motor can develop during overload without stalling

A

breakdown torque

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103
Q

locked rotor torque; motor torque at zero speed or the maximum torque required to start
the load

A

starting torque

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104
Q

amount of fertilizer applied in the field per unit area

A

application rate

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105
Q

part of the applicator which directs the distribution of fertilizer in the field

A

delivery tube

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106
Q

device which covers the distributed fertilizer in the furrow

A

furrow closer

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107
Q

device which makes the trench for the placement of fertilizer

A

furrow opener

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108
Q

device for applying granular fertilizer

A

granular fertilizer
applicator

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109
Q

part of the fertilizer applicator which drives the metering device

A

ground wheel

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110
Q

mechanism used to regulate the amount of fertilizer to be discharged

A

metering device

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111
Q

implement for seedbed preparation, weed eradication, or fallow cultivation
subsequent to some form of primary tillage, equipped with spring steel shanks

A

field cultivator

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112
Q

auxiliary component of the field cultivator that helps maintain uniform depth of cultivation
and eliminate the need to set the tension with the three-point hitch every time you set a
cultivator down

A

gage wheel

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113
Q

part of the field cultivator that holds the transverse toolbars and gauge wheels together

A

main frame

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114
Q

tillage which constitutes the initial major soil-working operation, normally designed to
reduce soil strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates

A

primary tillage

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115
Q

any group of different tillage operation, following primary tillage, which are designed to
create refined soil conditions before the seed is planted

A

secondary tillage

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116
Q

structural member primarily used for attaching a tillage tool to a beam

A

shank

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117
Q

spade-shaped, V-pointed soil working tool, which is used for various plowstocks,
cultivators, grain drills, and soil scarifiers

A

shovel

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118
Q

type of shovel used in hard soil conditions and for deeper penetration

A

spike

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119
Q

type of shovel which is wing-shaped

A

sweep

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120
Q

part of the main frame to which shank assemblies are attached

A

transverse tool bar

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121
Q

a special type of walking-type agricultural tractor with a front-mounted tilling wheel and
equipped with a flotation structure commonly used in waterlogged fields

A

float-assist tiller

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122
Q

float; hull; component of float-assist tiller which provides buoyancy for the tiller

A

floatation structure

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123
Q

consists of a single or pair of wheels with radially mounted tilling blades attached to a
common shaft or axle, supported and powered by the transmission

A

tilling wheel

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124
Q

bar at the rear of a tractor to which implements are hitched

A

drawbar

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125
Q

power available at the drawbar sustainable over a distance of at least 20 meters

A

drawbar power

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126
Q

type of four-wheel tractor where power is transmitted to all wheels

A

four-wheel drive

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127
Q

type of four-wheel tractor where power is transmitted to rear wheels with small front
wheels being pushed along

A

two-wheel drive

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128
Q

retaining pin used in the hitch pins or studs

A

linchpin

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129
Q

clearance (x) expressed as a radial dimension from the lower hitch point to the outside
diameter of the tire with the implement in raised position and all side sway removed from
the links

A

lower hitch point tire
clearance

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130
Q

horizontal dimension (z) between the rearmost parts of the tractor in the area between
the two lower links and the horizontal line through the two lower hitch points throughout
the range of vertical movement of the hitch points

A

lower hutch point
tractor clearance

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131
Q

external shaft usually at the rear of the tractor providing rotational power to implements
and machines

A

power-take-off (PTO)
shaft

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132
Q

power measured at the PTO shaft

A

PTO output power

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133
Q

safety frame; roll-over protective device; two- or four-post structural frames primarily
used to protect a seat-belted operator from being crushed in case the machine rolls over

A

roll-over protective
structure

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134
Q

combination of one upper link and two lower links, each articulated to the tractor and the
implement at opposite ends in order to connect the implement to the tractor

A

three-point linkage

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135
Q

articulated connection between a link and the implement

A

hitch point

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136
Q

adjustment of the right lower link so that the hitch point may be moved vertically with
respect to the left lower hitch point to provide an inclination of the implement

A

leveling adjustment

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137
Q

articulated connection between a link and the tractor

A

link point

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138
Q

pin that connects the upper link to the implement

A

upper hitch pin

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139
Q

pin that connects the upper link to the tractor

A

upper link pin

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140
Q

center to center distance between two front or rear wheels*

A

wheel tread

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141
Q

tillage implement resembling a double moldboard, one left wing and one right wing, used to make ridges and beds for planting and trenches for irrigation and drainage purposes

A

furrower

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142
Q

lister bottom; working part of the furrower which includes the share and moldboard

A

furrower bottom

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143
Q

bottom that has smaller moldboards and are designed for better scouring in sticky soils

A

blackband bottom

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144
Q

bottom that has wider moldboards that works well at fairly high speeds in most soil
conditions

A

general-purpose
bottom

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145
Q

bottom that has very small share and moldboard designed for use in combination with disc openers to open hard-baked soils

A

hard-ground bottom

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146
Q

part of the furrower which lifts, inverts and throws laterally the layer of soil (furrow slice)
in opposite directions

A

moldboard

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147
Q

toolbar mounted device used to guide the operator in setting the furrower for the next
pass to ensure uniform furrow spacing

A

row marker

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148
Q

part of the furrower that penetrates the soil and cuts the furrow slice horizontally

A

share

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149
Q

structure to which the standards are mounted

A

toolbar

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150
Q

part of the granule applicator that puts the granule in motion through continuous stirring
or rotation

A

agitator

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151
Q

generic term used for a small particle having a diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm

A

granule

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152
Q

agricultural tool used to apply granular fertilizers or pesticides to the field

A

granule applicator

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153
Q

part of granule applicator where granules are loaded

A

hopper

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154
Q

opening in the hopper or tank through which the granules pass through

A

orifice

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155
Q

external shaft on the rear of a tractor that provides rotational power to implements

A

power take-off shaft

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156
Q

part of the granule applicator that spreads the granules

A

spinner plate

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157
Q

valve inside the cylinder that holds the column of water in the draw pipe while the plunger
is being pushed down after each up-stroke

A

check valve

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158
Q

valve attached to the discharge side (for lift type hand pump) or to the body of the cylinder (for force type hand pump) to allow one direction of flow of water only

A

discharge valve

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159
Q

water pump powered by the movement of human arms

A

hand pump

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160
Q

lever that connects the pump rod to the pump head which often includes some
mechanism to add counterweight to balance the weight of the water being lifted up the
draw pipe

A

handle

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160
Q

spout assembly of pump where water comes out

A

outlet

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161
Q

piston; part of the cylinder that is connected to the pump rod and which forces water up
the draw pipe

A

plunger

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161
Q

pump assembly attached to the stand which contains the handle outlet assembly

A

pump head

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161
Q

plunger rod; steel rod that connects the pump handle to the plunger assembly within the
cylinder

A

pump rod

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161
Q

pedestal; base that attaches the hand pump to the ground and connects to the draw pipe

A

pump stand

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162
Q

maximum distance that the plunger moves when the handle is moved

A

stroke

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163
Q

inlet to which the suction pipe is connected

A

suction inlet

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164
Q

pipe connecting the pump cylinder to the pump body where water moves up and out to
the pump spout during pumping

A

suction pipe

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165
Q

hexagonal axle for walking-type agricultural tractor with a primemover size of up to 3.4
kW (4.5 hp) using diesel engine and up to 3.7 kW (5.0 hp) using gasoline engine

A

type 1

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166
Q

hexagonal axle for walking-type agricultural tractor with a primemover size of 3.5 kW to
10.8 kW (4.6 hp - 14.5 hp) using diesel engine and 3.8 kW to 11.9 kW ( 5.1 hp - 16.0 hp)
using gasoline engine

A

type 2

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167
Q

structure made for attaching and/or supporting the implement

A

hitch assembly

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168
Q

rated power rating of the primemover as specified by the manufacturer

A

size of primemover

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169
Q

backpack sprayer; sprayer which is operated manually with a lever and can be carried on
the back of an operator for spraying

A

lever-operated
knapsack sprayer

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170
Q

component of the sprayer that evens out the fluctuations of the fluid pressure and induces
more uniform flow of the sprayed liquid

A

pressure chamber

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171
Q

maximum allowable volume of the liquid to fill the sprayer tank, when equipped with all
its internal mounting

A

tank capacity

172
Q

self-propelled, wheeled, track-laying or semi track-laying machine primarily designed to
pull, push, carry and/or operate trailers or provide power to implements and machines
used for agricultural, forestry and other related works

A

agricultural tractor

173
Q

machine, having an integral power unit but normally operated by a pedestrian, designed
to carry out agricultural operation, and which may also be operated from a seat on an
attachment or trailer

A

pedestrian-operated
machine

174
Q

designations related to the operator when sitting on the operator’s station

A

right-hand and left-hand

175
Q

having one or more integral power units which propel and operate the machine, designed
to carry out agricultural operations while on the move

A

self-propelled machine

176
Q

part of the transplanting arm that picks rice seedlings

A

grasping fork

177
Q

machine designed for transplanting rice seedlings into a puddled and leveled field

A

mechanical rice
transplanter

178
Q

modified wheel used in transplanters to facilitate movement in the field

A

paddle wheel

179
Q

rice seedlings grown in nurseries for transplanting wherein the roots are washed
thoroughly to remove the soil

A

root-washed seedlings

180
Q

rice seedlings grown in nursery for transplanting wherein the soil is retained with the roots for transplanting

A

soil-bearing seedlings

181
Q

part of the mechanical transplanter that actuates picking and transplanting seedlings into
a puddled field

A

transplanting arm

182
Q

method of crop establishment for rice wherein rice seedlings grown in a nursery are pulled
and transferred into puddled and leveled fields, 15 to 40 days after seeding

A

transplanting

183
Q

test carried out on samples selected from a lot for the purpose of acceptance of the lot

A

acceptance test

184
Q

in any consignment, all components or equipment under study

A

lot

185
Q

test carried out on each and every component or equipment to check the specifications
which are likely to vary during production

A

routine test

186
Q

test carried out to prove conformity to the requirements of the relevant specification

A

type test

187
Q

distance from the nozzle at which spraying could be carried out

A

blower range

188
Q

diameter of a droplet which will divide the number of sample droplets into two equal
halves

A

number median
diameter

189
Q

diameter of a droplet which will divide the volume of sample droplets into two equal
halves

A

volume median
diameter

190
Q

valve used to stop the flow of fluid

A

cut-off valve

191
Q

fine drops of liquid, such as water or chemical pesticide, sprayed into the air

A

mist

192
Q

equipment that sprays liquid in the form of mist

A

mist blower

193
Q

part of the mist blower that connects the nozzle to the blower

A

wand

194
Q

flat knife or revolving disc, mounted in front of the plow bottom, which cuts the soil
vertically

A

colter

195
Q

central part of the plow to which the share, moldboard and landside are attached

A

frog

196
Q

part of the plow that presses and slides against the furrow wall, providing lateral stability
during operation

A

landside

197
Q

part, attached to the rear of a landside, which applies the vertical load of the plow bottom
to the furrow bottom

A

landside heel

198
Q

plow bottom that has less curvature than the stubble and can be used easily for stubble,
ordinary trash and stalk cover land

A

general-purpose
moldboard

199
Q

plow bottom which is used in sticky soils and soils that does not scour on solid moldboard

A

slatted moldboard

200
Q

plow bottom that has long, narrow and less sloping moldboard with a gradual twist that
allows complete inversion of the furrow slice with minimum breakage

A

sod moldboard

201
Q

plow bottom that has short, broader and curved more abruptly along the top edge and is
suited to work in soil which has been cultivated from year to year

A

stubble moldboard

202
Q

throws the furrow slice to the left of the plow’s direction

A

left-hand plow

203
Q

throws the furrow slice to the right of the plow’s direction

A

right-hand plow

204
Q

reversible plow; throws the furrow slice either to the left or right of the plow’s direction

A

two-way plow

205
Q

plow body; working part of the plow which includes the share, moldboard, and landside,
all attached to the frog

A

plow bottom

206
Q

leading edge of the moldboard located above the landside

A

shin

207
Q

horizontal clearance; distance by which the point of the share is bent out of line with the
landside to cut the proper furrow width

A

horizontal suction

208
Q

vertical clearance; distance by which the point of the share is bent downward for the plow
to penetrate the soil to the proper depth

A

vertical suction

209
Q

optional accessory, attached to the wing of the moldboard to improve inversion of the
furrow slice

A

tailpiece

210
Q

optional accessory, mounted above the shin, which deposits the upper edge of the furrow
in the furrow bottom

A

trash board

211
Q

metallic tube that connects the nozzle to the hose of power sprayer

A

lance

212
Q

equipment powered by an electric motor or by an engine used to spray fertilizer or
pesticide to a certain heigh

A

power sprayer

213
Q

tip of lance of the power sprayer where the chemical is sprayed out

A

nozzle

214
Q

component of the power sprayer used to regulate the pressure

A

pressure relief valve

215
Q

overflow of water from the nozzle

A

runoff

216
Q

metal or rubber ring positioned to regulate the seeding rate

A

adjusting ring

217
Q

part of the seeder where the seeds are loaded and metered

A

drum hopper

218
Q

planting equipment used for pre-germinated rice seeds for wet fields

A

drum seeder

219
Q

amount of seeds discharged from the seeder per unit time or area

A

seeding rate

220
Q

part of the seeder which serves as a float to prevent the seeder from sinking

A

skid

221
Q

point on the central vertical plane of the seat

A

seat index point

222
Q

pressure measured at a point on the riser with a distance of at least five times the nominal
sprinkler inlet diameter from the last upstream direction change or change in pipe
cross-sectional area

A

base pressure

223
Q

farthest distance measured from the sprinkler head centerline to a point at which liquid is
deposited

A

radius of throw

224
Q

device which by its rotating motion around its vertical axis distributes liquid over an area

A

rotating sprinkler head

225
Q

planting equipment used to deposit seeds in the soil for crop production

A

grain seeder

226
Q

ratio of effective field capacity to the theoretical field capacity

A

field efficiency

227
Q

actual rate of being able to plant a given area per unit of time

A

effective field capacity

228
Q

computed rate of being able to plant a given area per unit of time

A

theoretical field
capacity

229
Q

amount of seeds that can be planted per unit area

A

seed delivery rate

230
Q

direct cooling system; system wherein air is used to remove excess heat from the engine
through metal fins or shrouds which are located around the cylinder thus creating the flow
of air to the engine body in order to maintain its operating temperature

A

air-cooled

231
Q

series of events occurring one after the other in a definite order and repeats the events
after the last one has occurred

A

cycle

232
Q

piston requires four movements to complete one cycle

A

four-stroke

233
Q

piston requires two movements to complete one cycle

A

two-stroke cycle

234
Q

heat engine; mechanical device that converts heat energy produced by combustion of fuel
into mechanical energy

A

engine

235
Q

type of engine where the combustion of fuel takes place inside the cylinder

A

internal combustion
engine

236
Q

diesel engine; engine in which combustion is achieved by compressing the air until a high
temperature is achieved to initiate combustion of fuel

A

compression ignition
engine

237
Q

gasoline engine; engine in which combustion occurs through the initiation of a spark on
the compressed fuel and air mixture

A

spark ignition engine

238
Q

arrangement of valves wherein the intake and exhaust valves are located in the cylinder
head

A

overhead valve

239
Q

arrangement of valves wherein the intake and exhaust valves are located on one side of
the cylinder block

A

side valves

240
Q

indirect cooling system; system in which water/liquid-coolant serves as the cooling
medium which circulates in the water jackets to absorb the heat of the engine

A

water-cooled

241
Q

drill bit; boring part of the soil auger

A

auger head

242
Q

accessory part of the soil auger to lengthen the reach of the tool

A

extension rod

243
Q

tool used for displacing soil at various depths for soil research and analysis or for digging
post holes by means of a rotating helical flighting

A

soil auger

244
Q

Type of soil auger with a diameter of at least 50 mm with provision for obtaining soil
samples in the auger head through different soil types

A

soil sampling auger

245
Q

Type of soil auger designed for drilling holes in the soil

A

soil boring auger

246
Q

Type of soil auger that makes use of human force to drill the soil

A

hand-operated type

247
Q

Type of soil auger that is powered by an electric motor or an engine to drill the soil

A

motor-powered

248
Q

Type of soil auger that is powered by either pneumatic or hydraulic pump to drill the soil

A

fluid-powered

249
Q

action of a tillage tool in executing a specific form of soil manipulation

A

tillage action

250
Q

desired soil condition produced by one or more tillage operations

A

tillage objective

251
Q

soil physical conditions which can be produced by tillage and is necessary based on
utilitarian and/or economic considerations

A

tillage requirement

252
Q

overall tillage; tillage of an entire area as contrasted to a partial tillage as in bands or strips

A

broadcast tillage

253
Q

primary tillage operation which manipulates soil to a greater depth than 300 mm

A

deep tillage

254
Q

tillage action and transport operations utilized to loosen, load, carry, and unload soil

A

earthmoving

255
Q

tillage operation which move soil to create desired soil configurations

A

land forming

256
Q

tillage operation which move soil to establish a desired soil elevation and slope

A

land grading

257
Q

tillage operation that cuts and moves small layers of soil to provide smooth, refined
surface condition

A

land planing

258
Q

tillage operation which are oriented in specific paths or directions with respect to the sun,
prevailing winds, previous tillage actions, or field base lines

A

oriented tillage

259
Q

tillage operation employing power-driven rotary action to cut, break up, and mix soil

A

rotary tillage

260
Q

shallow tillage operation performed to promote growth of crop plants by creating a soil
condition conducive to aeration, infiltration, and moisture conservation or to pest control

A

soil cultivation

261
Q

mechanical manipulation of soil for any desired purpose

A

tillage

262
Q

tool depth; vertical distance from the initial soil surface to a specified point of penetration
of the tool

A

tillage depth

263
Q

system that maintains a minimum of 30% residue cover on the soil surface after planting
or maintains at least 1,100 kg/ha of flat small grain residue equivalent on the soil surface
during the critical erosion period

A

conservation tillage

264
Q

system traditionally performed in preparing a seedbed for a given crop and grown in a
given geographical area

A

conventional tillage

265
Q

system wherein least soil manipulation is performed

A

minimum tillage

266
Q

system in which tillage of the total soil surface is performed in such a way that plant
residue is specifically left on or near the soil surface

A

mulch tillage

267
Q

idealized system which permits a maximized net return for a given crop under given
conditions

A

optimum tillage

268
Q

subsoiling under the plant row prior to planting usually intended for subsurface drainage

A

precision tillage

269
Q

system in which the primary tillage operation is performed in conjunction with special
planting procedures in order to reduce or eliminate secondary tillage operations

A

reduced tillage

270
Q

system in which a large number of depressions or small reservoirs are formed to hold rain
or sprinkler applied water

A

reservoir tillage

271
Q

system in which the ridges are formed during cultivation or after harvest and maintained
from year to year in the same location

A

ridge tillage

272
Q

system in which only isolated bands of soil is tilled

A

strip tillage

273
Q

tillage to partially bury and thereby prevent movement of materials such as plant residues
or artificial mulches

A

anchoring

274
Q

ridging; listing; tillage which forms a ridge and furrow soil configuration

A

bedding

275
Q

pushing or rolling of soil by a steeply inclined blade

A

bulldozing

276
Q

tillage in which a narrow curved shank is used

A

chisel plowing

277
Q

operations simultaneously utilizing two or more different types of tillage tools or implements (subsoil-lister, lister-planter, or plow-planter combinations) to simplify, control, or reduce the number of trips over a field

A

combined tillage
operations

278
Q

operation which pulverizes, smoothens, and makes the soil ready for planting

A

harrowing

279
Q

mixing; operation which mix or disperse foreign materials, such as pesticides, fertilizers or
plant residues into the soil

A

incorporating

280
Q

hilling; operation wherein a lister is used in a manner that forms a furrow midway
between two previous rows of plants

A

middlebreaking

281
Q

operation that cuts and throws the soil away from the base of plants

A

off barring

282
Q

operation which is performed to cut the soil with partial or complete soil inversion

A

moldboard plowing

283
Q

operation that cut, crush, anchor or otherwise handle residues in conjunction with soil
manipulation

A

residue processing

284
Q

deep tillage, below 350 mm for the purpose of loosening soil for root growth and/or water
movement

A

subsoiling

285
Q

operation in which a vertical band of mulching material is injected into the slit
immediately behind a tillage tool shank

A

vertical mulching

286
Q

implement performing functions simultaneously that of initial cutting, breaking and
pulverizing the soil

A

general-purpose tillage
implement

287
Q

implement which works under the combined principles of the regular disc plow and
harrow

A

plow-harrow

288
Q

implement used for broadcast or strip tillage and is also used as chemical incorporator and
as row crop cultivator

A

rotary tiller

289
Q

rotary plow; implement which consists of two horizontal power driven spiral flanged shafts
which rotate vertically

A

spiral plow

290
Q

implement used for cutting, displacing and/or shattering the soil to reduce soil strength
and to bury or mix plant materials, pesticides, and fertilizers in the tillage layer

A

primary tillage
implement

291
Q

implement which shatters the soil without complete burial or mixing of surface materials

A

chisel plow

292
Q

implement for intermittent tillage at depths sufficient to shatter compacted subsurface
layers

A

subsoiler

293
Q

implement used for tilling the soil to a shallower depth than primary tillage implements,
provide additional pulverization, mix pesticides and fertilizers into the soil, level and firm
soil, close air pockets, and eradicate weeds

A

secondary tillage
implement

294
Q

implement used for breaking clods after initial plowing, for subsequent operations prior to
transplanting and for puddling and leveling

A

comb-tooth harrow

295
Q

implement for crushing soil clods and compacting the soil

A

packer

296
Q

implement used for seedbed preparation which crushes soil clods and smooths and firms
the soil surface

A

roller-harrow

297
Q

implement for dislodging small weeds and grasses and for breaking soil crust and is used
for fast, shallow cultivation before or soon after crop plants emerge

A

rotary how

298
Q

implement wherein the frame and cultivating tools are designed to adequately pass
through standing crop rows without crop damage

A

row crop cultivator

299
Q

implement consisting of long spikes attached rigidly to cross bars and staggered to attain
maximum stirring and raking of soil

A

spike-tooth harrow

300
Q

implement consisting of long, flat and curved teeth made of spring steel

A

spring-tooth harrow

301
Q

implement performing shallow post-plant tillage to aid the crop by loosening the soil
and/or by mechanical radication of undesired vegetation

A

cultivating tillage
implement

302
Q

implement consisting of tool bars that extend across the top of the rows, which allow
lateral adjustments of the tools for different row spacing

A

continuous-tool bar
cultivator

303
Q

implement consisting of tool bars that drop down between the rows to provide maximum
vertical clearance for the plants

A

separated gang
cultivator

304
Q

soil-handling implement which forms uniform ridges of soil to predetermined shapes

A

bed shaper

305
Q

soil-working tool, consisting of an edge and a surface, which is primarily designed to cut
through the soil

A

blade

306
Q

circular, flat tool used to cut plant material and soil

A

coulter

307
Q

force to propel an implement in the direction of travel which is equal and opposite to
drawbar pull

A

draft

308
Q

operating width excluding overlap

A

effective operating
width

309
Q

effective angle which is included between the line of travel and a line drawn through the
back or nonsoil-working surface of the tool at its immediate edge

A

edge clearance angle

310
Q

horizontal distance perpendicular to the direction of travel between the outermost edges
of the implement

A

implement width

311
Q

implement used to insert materials into the soil

A

injector

312
Q

miniature plow attachment whose purpose is to turn over a small furrow slice directly
ahead of the main moldboard plow bottom, to aid in covering trash

A

jointer

313
Q

horizontal distance between corresponding reference points on adjacent tools when
projected upon a vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of travel

A

lateral tool spacing

314
Q

line and direction along which the tillage implement travels

A

line of trave

315
Q

combined tillage implement which is composed of a lister and a planting attachment to
permit a single listing-seeding operation with the planter normally being operated in the
furrow

A

lister-planter

316
Q

horizontal distance between corresponding reference points of two tools when projected
upon a vertical plane parallel to the direction of travel

A

longitudinal tool
spacing

317
Q

single or groups of soil-working tools together with power transmission structure, control,
and protection systems present as an integral part of the machine

A

mechanical tillage
implement

318
Q

distance measured between specified points on adjacent plow bottoms

A

horizontal clearance

319
Q

distance measured from cutting edge of share to nearest potentially obstructing member
such as main truss (backbone), frame, beam, release mechanism, etc

A

vertical clearance

320
Q

distance perpendicular to the direction of travel that an implement reworks soil previously
tilled

A

operating overlap

321
Q

horizontal distance perpendicular to the direction of travel within which an implement
performs its intended function

A

operating width

322
Q

soil and/or plant zone purposely protected by virtue of tool design, tool spacing or evasive
tool movement

A

protected zone

323
Q

shedding; soil-tool reaction in which soil slides over the surface of the tillage tool without
significant adhesion

A

scouring

324
Q

side draft; horizontal component of pull, perpendicular to the line of motion

A

side force

325
Q

machine used to apply, or to apply and incorporate soil additives by means of tillage

A

soil-additive applicator

326
Q

machine used to mechanically incorporate or mix material into the soil

A

soil-additive incorporator

327
Q

tillage tool used to slice through soil and create an opening for the insertion of material
such as seeds, pesticides, fertilizers

A

soil opener

328
Q

rotating implement which pulverizes, firms or smooths soil by crushing or compacting

A

soil roller

329
Q

path along which one element of soil slides across a tillage tool

A

soil-sliding path

330
Q

length of the path along tillage tool upon which soil slides

A

soil-sliding path length

331
Q

angle between the sliding path and the horizontal at any point along the sliding path

A

soil-ascending angle

332
Q

angle at any point on the surface of a tool between the soil sliding path and a horizontal
contour line constructed through the surface of the tool

A

soil-sliding angle

333
Q

configuration of the soil-tool boundary wherein the overall shape is usually oriented with
the direction of travel of the tool and the soil surface

A

soil-tool geometry

334
Q

portions of tillage tools which are designed to be in contact with the soil

A

soil-working surface

335
Q

unit draft; draft force of an implement per unit area of tilled cross-section

A

specific draft

336
Q

projections on tillage tools which serve to penetrate, grip, cut, or tear soil

A

teeth

337
Q

individual soil-working element

A

tillage tool

338
Q

tillage tools which rotate or move so that they present a varying boundary and contact
area to the soil

A

complex tillage tools

339
Q

tillage tools which are powered so that some of their movements are in direction other
than along the line of travel

A

dynamic tillage tools

340
Q

tillage tools powered by more than one form of power, such as draft and rotating power,
or draft and electrical power

A

multi-powered tillage
tools

341
Q

tillage tools which present a reasonable constant boundary area to the soil

A

simple tillage tools

342
Q

minimum distance in a specified direction between a point on the tool and the nearest
potentially obstructing implement element

A

tool clearance

343
Q

maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the line of motion over which a tool
performs its intended function

A

tool-operating width

344
Q

position of the tool in a framework of cartesian coordinates which is usually oriented with
the soil surface and the direction of travel

A

tool orientation

345
Q

rake angle; angle, in a vertical plane parallel to the direction of travel, between a tool axis
and the soil surface

A

lift angle

346
Q

distance perpendicular to the direction of travel in which a tool operating width coincides
with the operating width of another tool

A

tool overlap

347
Q

area of soil surface left undisturbed during passage of a tool

A

tool-skip area

348
Q

maximum horizontal projection of a tool in the soil perpendicular to the line of motion

A

tool width

349
Q

vertical distance between corresponding points on adjacent tools when projected upon a
vertical plane parallel to the direction of travel

A

vertical tool spacing

350
Q

projections attached to the sides of tillage tools to increase the volume of soil which can
be disturbed

A

wings

351
Q

scratching, cutting, or abrading of materials caused by the action of soil

A

soil abrasion

352
Q

sticking of soil to objects such as tillage tools or wheels

A

soil adhesion

353
Q

act of reducing the specific volume of soil

A

soil compaction

354
Q

separation of a soil mass by a slicing action

A

soil cutting

355
Q

alteration or destruction of a soil structural condition by mechanical forces such as in
shearing, compression, or tearing

A

soil failure

356
Q

lifting or swelling of soil resulting from natural forces such as freezing

A

soil heaving

357
Q

soil response to the application of mechanical forces

A

soil reaction

358
Q

pulverization; general fragmentation of a soil mass resulting from the action of tillage
forces

A

soil shatter

359
Q

sliding of soil across a surface

A

soil sliding

360
Q

movement of soil in any direction as a result of kinetic energy imparted to the soil by the
tillage tool

A

throw

361
Q

foreign; materials, other than seeds, which are added to and/or incorporated in soil for
directly influencing the soil condition or environment

A

soil additive

362
Q

masses of soil (may be stationary or in a relatively slow motion) which adheres on
soilworking surfaces and act as a part of the tool

A

adhered soil bodies

363
Q

hard pan; plow pan; plow soil; dense layer of soil immediately below tillage depth created
by mechanical pressure and/or soil-shearing forces

A

compacted layer

364
Q

soil structural units which are irreversibly cemented together

A

concretions

365
Q

thickness of soil with which materials are covered by an implement

A

covering depth

366
Q

all materials added to or mixed into soil, including residues, soil additives, and foreign
bodies that have not originated in the soil’s development

A

foreign materials

367
Q

resistance to the movement of plant parts or tillage tools through soil that is caused by the
mechanical strength of the soil

A

mechanical impedance

368
Q

mechanical strength; degree of resistance of soil to deformation

A

mechanical stability

369
Q

clods; blocks of soil which are sheared loose from the main soil mass by tillage tool action

A

shear blocks

370
Q

failure surfaces occurring where the soil has sheared

A

shear surface

371
Q

initial and distinct surfaces appearing during failure which are caused mainly by shear

A

primary shear surfaces

372
Q

shear surfaces which result from the twisting, pushing, or tumbling of the soil after or
during the initial displacement

A

secondary shear
surfaces

373
Q

soil peds; agglomerations of primary soil particles which are produced by natural
processes

A

soil aggregates

374
Q

degree of ease with which a soil may be manipulated for a specific purpose

A

tillability

375
Q

raised ridge left at the center of the strip of land, when plowing is started from center to
side

A

back furrow

376
Q

open trench (about twice the width of one plow bottom) left in between the adjacent
strips of land after finishing of plowing - NOTE It is formed when two adjacent furrow
slices are thrown opposite each other.

A

dead furrow

377
Q

trench left when the plow bottom cuts and turns the furrow slice

A

furrow

378
Q

peak of the turned furrow slice

A

furrow crown

379
Q

depth of depression below a specified (initial or subsequent) soil surface

A

furrow depth

380
Q

soil mass cut, lifted, pulverized, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom

A

furrow slice

381
Q

undisturbed or unbroken side of the furrow

A

furrow wall

382
Q

unplowed soil at the end of the furrow strip

A

head land

383
Q

unplowed soil

A

land

384
Q

height of soil above a specified (initial or subsequent) soil surface

A

ridge height

385
Q

soil profile modified by tillage or amendments for use by plant roots

A

root bed

386
Q

part of the soil profile exploited by the roots of plants

A

root zone

387
Q

soil zone which affects germination and emergence of seeds

A

seedbed

388
Q

weight of a unit volume of soil expressed on either a wet basis (including soil and water) or
on a dry basis

A

soil density

389
Q

mechanism that adjusts the tooth depth to fit the soil condition

A

lever assembly

390
Q

auxiliary part of spring-tooth harrow attached at the bottom of the main frame to facilitate easy turning

A

runner

391
Q

tine; part of the spring-tooth harrow that engages with the soil during operation

A

tooth

392
Q

type of rotating sprinkler head which rotates using weighted or spring-loaded arm which is
propelled by the liquid stream and hits the sprinkler body

A

impact-driven sprinkler
head

393
Q

hydraulically operated mechanical device which discharges liquid through a nozzle

A

sprinkler head

394
Q

angle of the liquid stream above a horizontal plane, as discharged from the sprinkler
nozzle operating at the test pressure

A

trajectory angle

395
Q

rotating sprinkler designed to irrigate a sector of a circular area, either with or without the
possibility of adjusting it to irrigate the entire circular area

A

part-circle sprinkler

396
Q

pressure range between the minimum effective pressure, pmin, and the maximum effective pressure, pmax, declared by the manufacturer as the pressure range in which the sprinklers operate effectively.

A

range of effective
pressure

397
Q

tool attached to the shank of the subsoiler to cut through the soil

A

ripper point

398
Q

metal plate attached to the shank to reduce abrasion and enhance durability of the shank

A

wear shin

399
Q

person who aids in dropping sugarcane billets into the furrow

A

feeder

400
Q

component of the sugarcane planter that cuts the sugarcane billets and drops it into the
furrow

A

feeding shank

401
Q

sugarcane stalks containing buds used as planting material

A

sugarcane billet

402
Q

agricultural equipment used for planting sugarcane billets

A

sugarcane planter

403
Q

Type of sugarcane planter that is capable of chopping sugarcanes into billets which are
dropped into the furrows

A

semi-automatic
sugarcane planter

404
Q

Type of sugarcane planter that is not capable of chopping sugarcane but instead, requires
pre-cut billets for planting

A

manual sugarcane
planter

405
Q

consists of agricultural tractors, self-propelled and pedestrian-operated machines,
implements, and combinations thereof primarily used for agricultural operations

A

agricultural machines

406
Q

visually perceptible figure used to transmit information independent of language

A

symbol

407
Q

weeding index; percentage of weeds removed/destroyed per unit area

A

weeding efficiency

408
Q

implement used to remove/destroy the weeds from an agricultural land

A

weeder

409
Q

unwanted plants growing in a field competing with the main crop for nutrients, moisture
and sunlight

A

weeds

410
Q

plants injured (i.e. teared leaves, broken stems, and/or uprooted plant) that may affect crop growth

A

damaged plants

411
Q

percentage of plants injured during the weeding operation

A

percent damage plants

412
Q

traction type; capable of pulling various kinds of implements

A

pull type

413
Q

type of walking-type agricultural tractor equipped with rotary tiller which cuts, breaks up,
and mixes the soil and/or plant residues

A

rotary tilling type

414
Q

range of operations that could be performed by the machine as specified by the
manufacturer

A

applicable work

415
Q

distance between the horizontal supporting surface and the horizontal plane touching the
uppermost part of the tractor

A

overall height

416
Q

distance between two vertical planes at right angles to the median plane of the tractor
and touching its front and rear extremities

A

overall length

417
Q

distance between two vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the tractor, each
plane touching the outer-most point of the tractor on its respective side and with wheels
set for minimum track

A

overall width

418
Q

ratio of the difference between the speed of pulley or belt and wheels or track with load,
to the speed without load

A

slip

419
Q

total weight of the machine excluding ballast and implements with the fuel tank filled to
80 percent capacity and with normal amount of cooling water and lubricating oil (if engine
is integrated with the tractor) and with specified wheels

A

tractor weight

420
Q

volume of fuel consumed by the engine

A

fuel consumption

421
Q

any agricultural tool mounted on the tractor

A

implement

422
Q

angle formed by the edges of the sweep

A

nose angle

423
Q

angle formed by the shank or the shovel relative to the ground surface or to its base,
respectively

A

stem angle

424
Q

overall height of the implement measured from the topmost point to its lowest point

A

transport height

425
Q

overall length of the implement measured from the terminal point of the implement to
the mounting point

A

transport length

426
Q

reduction on the distance traveled by the tractor due to the attached implement

A

wheel slip

427
Q

any material added to the tractor for the purpose of enhancing traction or stability

A

ballast

428
Q

power measured at the flywheel or the crankshaft

A

engine power

429
Q

mean maximum sustained pull of the tractor at the drawbar over a given distance, the pull
being exerted horizontally and in the vertical plane containing the longitudinal axis of the
tractor

A

maximum drawbar pull

430
Q

radius of clearance circle; radius of the smallest circle described by the outermost point of
the tractor

A

radius of turning area

431
Q

radius of the smallest circle tangentially described by the median plane of the outermost
wheel of the tractor

A

radius of turning circle

432
Q

speed in revolutions per minute specified by the manufacturer

A

rated engine speed

433
Q

quantity of fuel consumed by an engine on the basis of per horsepower hour

A

specific fuel consumption

PAES Terms (Full) (5 decks)

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