Programming paradigms

Question 1

What is a programming language

Answer 1

A formally defined language comprising a set of instructions intended to control the operation of a computer

Question 2

What is a programming paradigm

Answer 2

A way to classify programming languages based on their features. Most languages can be classified into multiple paradigms.

Question 3

What is functional programming

Answer 3

A way of writing software applications using only pure functions and immutable values.

Question 4

Key features of low level languages

Answer 4

Opcodes (Mnemonics), Operands, Registers, Memory Modes

Question 5

What are low level languages good for

Answer 5

Device drivers, OS development
(particularly embedded systems),
ultra high performance code

Question 6

What are low level languages bad for

Answer 6

Portability, abstraction, rapid development

Question 7

Key features of procedural languages

Answer 7

Sequence, Selection (a.k.a. Branching), Iteration, Recursion

Linear execution of instructions.

Question 8

What are procedural languages good for

Answer 8

Writing code with lots of algorithms.
Anything where you want fine control
and high performance but want more
portability than assembly language.

Question 9

What are procedural languages bad for

Answer 9

Brevity (other paradigms provide more concise alternatives).

Question 10

key features of OOP

Answer 10

Encapsulation, Instantiation, Inheritance, Polymorphism

Question 11

What is OOP good for

Answer 11

Abstraction when dealing with real
world objects. Modularity.

Question 12

Key features of functional languages

Answer 12

First Class, Higher Order and Pure Functions. Immutability and reusing these functions

Question 13

What is OOP bad for

Answer 13

Efficient code for limited resource
environments, transparent (easy to
trace) code, concurrent programming

Question 14

What are functional languages good for

Answer 14

Robust, predictable and reliable code.
Efficient and highly optimisable code.
Concurrency safe processing

Question 15

What are functional languages bad for

Answer 15

Beginners as hard to learn and program in

Question 16

Key features of declaritive languages

Answer 16

Queries, C.R.U.D., Facts and Rules, Relationships

Question 17

What are declarative languages good for

Answer 17

Databases, Expert systems, Artificial Intelligence

Question 18

What are declaritive languages bad for

Answer 18

Control over what the computer is actually doing

Question 19

Which are imperitive

Answer 19

Procedural and oop

Question 20

WhIch are declaritive

Answer 20

functional and logic

Question 21

What are imperitive languages

Answer 21

Use code that clearly specifies the actions to be performed

Question 22

What does oop focus on

Answer 22

Easy to re use and update and maintain

Question 23

What does declaritive focus on

Answer 23

Stating the desired result rather than instructions to get that result which is why it is used for AI

Question 24

example of functional languages

Answer 24

java and c#

Question 25

Procedural langauges positive

Answer 25

Easy to implement

Question 26

Procedural languages negative

Answer 26

brevity and not suitable for all solutions

Question 27

What are procedural languages

Answer 27

Procedural languages use traditional data types such as integers and strings which are built into the language and also provide data structures like dictionaries and arrays.

Question 28

What is structured programming

Answer 28

Structured programming is a popular subsection of procedural programming in which the control flow is given by four main programming structures:

Question 29

Advantages of OOP classes

Answer 29

- Classes can also be used across multiple projects. www.pmt.education

Question 30

Advantages of oop reusability

Answer 30

- OOP allows for a high level of reusability, which makes it useful for projects where there are multiple components with similar properties. The properties of inheritance and polymorphism within OOP allow for this.

Question 31

Advantages of OOP planning

Answer 31

- OOP requires advance planning to determine how the problem will be broken down into classes and how these will link to each other. A thorough design can produce a higher-quality piece of software with fewer vulnerabilities.

Question 32

Advantages of OOP abstraction

Answer 32

There is a high level of abstraction and it is not necessary for programmers to know details about how code is implemented. Once classes have been created and tested, they can be reused as a black box which saves time and effort.

Question 33

Advantages of OOP encapsulation

Answer 33

- Encapsulation is a key reason for choosing OOP as it makes the code more reliable by protecting attributes from being directly accessed. Code for different classes can also be produced independently of others.

Question 34

Why is OOP easy to update and maintain

Answer 34

Because of its modularity

Question 35

Disadvantages of OOP

Answer 35

This is a different style of programming and so requires an alternative style of thinking. This can be difficult for programmers accustomed to other paradigms to pick up. - OOP is not suited to all types of problems. Where few components are reused,. - Generally unsuitable for smaller problems

Question 36

Procedural

Answer 36

uses sequence of instructions that an be contained in procedure

Question 37

Advantages of oop inheritence

Answer 37

inheritance can be used to extend upon existing classes

Question 38

Advantages of oop debugging

Answer 38

Can be easier as encapsulation limits how attributes are changed

Question 39

OOp teamwork

Answer 39

Better for coding as a part of a team as classes can be distributed between teams