programming techniques??

Question 1

Imperative programming

Answer 1

uses a series of instructions telling comp what to do w/ input in order to solve problem

Question 2

Procedural programming

Answer 2

uses a sequence of
instructions which may be contained within procedures.
These instructions are carried out in a step-by-step manner

Question 3

Structured programming

Answer 3

a kind of procedural programming which uses constructs: selection, sequence, iteration + recurssion rather than ‘go to’ stattements.

Modular techniques used to split large program intoo manageable chunks

Question 4

Declarative programming

Answer 4

statements describe prolem to be solved.
language implementation then finds best way of solving it
used to create, amend + query databases

Question 5

Logic programming

Answer 5

form of declarative programming.
is a paradigm expressing logic of computation w/o expressing control flow
consist of logical statements
code defines a set of facts and rules

Question 6

What is an inportant feature of declarative programming

Answer 6

backtracking

Question 6

whats used to find answers to problems in logic programming

Answer 6

queries

Question 7

what uses procedural programming

Answer 7

python, basic, pascal, c#

Question 8

what uses oop

Answer 8

java, c++, visual basic.NET, python

Question 9

what uses declarative programming

Answer 9

sql, prolog

Question 10

what uses functional programming

Answer 10

haskell, javascript, logo

Question 11

define backtracking

Answer 11

going back to a previously found successful match

Question 12

3 important things in declarative programming

Answer 12

facts and rules and goal

Question 13

facts in declarative programming

Answer 13

a predicate which may have arguments + is something unconditionally true

Question 14

rules in declarative programming

Answer 14

used to define a relationship b/w facts.

stored in the knowledge base.

true depending on given condition

Question 15

goals in declarative programming

Answer 15

query to b solved

Question 16

def instantiation

Answer 16

process of creating a new object from a class

Question 17

advantages imperative programming

Answer 17

Very simple to implement
It contains loops, variables

Question 18

disavantage imperative progrmaming

Answer 18

Complex problem cannot be solved
Less efficient and less productive
Parallel programming (parallel processing) is not possible

Question 19

Imperative programming is divided into three broad categories which are?

Answer 19

Procedural, OOP and parallel processing

Question 20

oop is

Answer 20

a collection of classes and object which are meant for communication.

The smallest and basic entity is object and all kind of computation is performed on the objects only.

More emphasis is on data rather procedure. ??

Question 21

oop advantages

Answer 21

Data security
Inheritance
Code reusability
Flexible and abstraction is also present

Question 22

declaative programming divided into?

Answer 22

logic, functional, database

Question 23

what does the paradigm used depend on

Answer 23

problem to be solved

Question 24

abstraction in declarative programming

Answer 24

how the data is obtained is abstracted from user

Question 25

can procedural programming solve all problems

Answer 25

no or is inefficient

Question 26

is abstraction used in oop

Answer 26

ya

Question 27

what is code in oop designed for

Answer 27

reusability + easy maintenance

Question 28

how is oop reusable

Answer 28

templates are used to create instances of objects

Question 29

what do classes in oop have

Answer 29

attributes and methods

Question 30

how is oop easy to maintain

Answer 30

if an error in the methods, easy to locate where error is

Question 31

what d objects have

Answer 31

data - attributes operations on that data - methods

Question 32

all processing in oop is used on

Answer 32

objects

Question 33

def class

Answer 33

blueprint of an object defines attributes + methods that capture common characteristics + behaviours of the object

Question 34

whats a constructor

Answer 34

a special method creating an object based on the class exist in every class new(attributes)

Question 35

encapsulation def

Answer 35

Is the process of data hiding by keeping an object’s attributes private so their values can only be directly accessed and changed via public methods defined for the class and not from outside the class. This means that objects only interact in the way intended and prevents unexpected changes to attributes, maintaining data integrity

Question 36

inheritance def

Answer 36

Is when a derived class inherits all the methods and attributes of its parent class/superclass. The inheriting class may override some of these methods and attributes and may also have additional extra methods and attributes of its own.

Question 37

'is a' rule

Answer 37

is obj a an obj b used to determine if inheritance appropritate

Question 38

Polymorphism def

Answer 38

allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass or interface