Prokaryotes + plants

Question 1

Plasmid

Answer 1

a small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosomes. plasmid are found in prokaryotes and yeast.

Question 2

Endospore

Answer 2

a thick-coat, protective cell produced within a bacterial cell. the endospore becomes dormant and is able to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 3

Endotoxins

Answer 3

a poisonous component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that is released only when a bacteria dies.

Question 4

Exotoxins

Answer 4

A poisonous protein that is secreted by certain bacteria.

Question 5

endosymbiosis

Answer 5

larger cell engulfs a prokaryote smaller cell and both cells benefit from each other (mitochondria + chloroplast).

Question 6

SAR (Super Group of Protists)

Answer 6

1) Stramenopiles
2) Alveolata
3) Rizaria

Question 7

Unikonts

Answer 7

A supergroup of protists that is closely related to fungi and animals.

Question 8

amoebozoans

Answer 8

1) unikonta

2) made of prostist

Question 9

pseudopodia

Answer 9

moving the cell and engulfing food

Question 10

cellular slime mold

Answer 10

a type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid calls and aggregated reproductive bodies in its life cycle; it is part of the amoebozoan family.

Question 11

amoeba

Answer 11

a general term for a protist that moves and feeds by means of pseudopodia (rhizaria)

Question 12

plasmodium

Answer 12

1) a single mass of cytoplasm containing many nuclei

2) the amoeboid feeding stage in the life cycle of a plasmodial slime molds

Question 13

plasmodial slime mold

Answer 13

a type of protist that has amoeboid cells, flagellated cells, and an amoeboid plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle; it is in the amoebozoan family.

Question 14

charophytes

Answer 14

a group of green algae; closest relative to the plant and lived 500 million years ago.

Question 15

halophiles

Answer 15

salt lovers

Question 16

thermophiles

Answer 16

heat lovers

Question 17

methanogens

Answer 17

archaeans that live in an anaerobic environment and give off methane as a waste product.

Question 18

proteobacteria

Answer 18

all gram-negative and share a particular rRNA sequence. 1 group of bacteria domain; E. coli

Question 19

symbiosis

Answer 19

a physical close association between the organism of two or more species

Question 20

gram-positive bacteria

Answer 20

2 group of domain bacteria; subgroup actinomycetes; streptomyces

Question 21

cyanobacteria

Answer 21

oxygen-generating photosynthesis; Anabaena

Question 22

chlamydia

Answer 22

live in eukaryotic host cells; domain bacteria; chlamydia trachomtatis

Question 23

spirochetes

Answer 23

a member of a group of helical bacteria the spirals through the environment by mean of rotating, internal filaments; treponema pallidum

Question 24

parasites

Answer 24

drive their nutritional needs from a host, which is harmed by the interaction.

Question 25

mixotrophs

Answer 25

capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy

Question 26

stramenopile

Answer 26

2) diatoms and brown algae are two examples of autotrophic stramenopile

Question 27

alveolate

Answer 27

dinoflagellates, ciliates, and certain parasites

Question 28

rhizaria

Answer 28

foraminiferans and radiolarians (amoebas)

Question 29

saprobic

Answer 29

digestive enzymes are released outside the fungi and used to breakdown the food source.

Question 30

hyphae

Answer 30

thread-like filaments

Question 31

mycelium

Answer 31

network of hyphae (underground)

Question 32

chitin

Answer 32

make the fungi cell wall

Question 33

phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 33

a classic mushroom

Question 34

basidiocarp

Answer 34

a fruiting part of a phylum Basidiomycota

Question 35

basidia

Answer 35

spores of a phylum Basidiomycota

Question 36

spore

Answer 36

a haploid cell that can develop into a multicellular individual without fussing to another cell

Question 37

conidiophore

Answer 37

hyphae for penicillin

Question 38

conidiospores

Answer 38

spores for penicillin

Question 39

apical meristem

Answer 39

cell division that makes trees grow next to the stem and roots.

Question 40

gametangia

Answer 40

a reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant.

Question 41

pollen grain

Answer 41

sperm-producing cells

Question 42

embryophyte

Answer 42

dependent plants embryo

Question 43

sporangium

Answer 43

a structure in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spore develops.

Question 44

bryophytes

Answer 44

seedless, nonvascular plants

Question 45

lycophytes

Answer 45

seedless, vascular plants; moss

Question 46

monilophytes

Answer 46

seedless, vascular plants; ferns

Question 47

gymnosperms

Answer 47

seeds not produced in special chambers

Question 48

angiosperm

Answer 48

flowers; a complex reproductive structure that develops seeds in protective chambers.

Question 49

ovule

Answer 49

seed plants, a structure that develops within the female cone or ovary that contains female gametophyte

Question 50

sepals

Answer 50

green leaf things that close the flower before they bloom.

Question 51

petals

Answer 51

attract animal pollinators.

Question 52

stamens

Answer 52

1) anther | 2) filaments

Question 53

anther

Answer 53

male sporangia

Question 54

carpel

Answer 54

stigma, style, ovary

Question 55

germinate

Answer 55

begin to grow

Question 56

mycorrhiza

Answer 56

a symbiosis of plants and fungi

Question 57

heterokaryotic stage

Answer 57

when a cell contains two genetically distinct haploid nuclei; when they fuse.

Question 58

mold

Answer 58

rapidly growing fungi that reproduce asexually by produce spores.

Question 59

yeast

Answer 59

a single-celled fungus that inhibits liquid or moistened habitats and reproduces asexually by simple cell division or by pinching of bud off a parent cell.

Question 60

chytrids

Answer 60

an only fungus with flagellated spores; lives in the lake and stuff. diseases

Question 61

zygomycetes

Answer 61

have a protective zygosporangium, where zygotes produce haploid spores by meiosis; black bread mold and mold on peaches, etc.

Question 62

glomeromycetes

Answer 62

type of mycorrhiza

Question 63

ascomycetes/ sac fungi

Answer 63

lichens, asci, most pathogenic to plants, yeasts--> cup fungi, aquatic

Question 64

asci

Answer 64

sexual reproduction of spores

Question 65

lichens

Answer 65

symdioic relationship between fungi + algae and fungi+ cyanobacteria

Question 66

basidiomycetes

Answer 66

decompose lignin

Question 67

poop

Answer 67

food to eat

Question 68

420

Answer 68

very nice

Question 69

69

Answer 69

69