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Flashcards in Prokaryotic metabolism Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the 4 types of category that a Prokaryote can acquire energy & carbon?

A
  • Photoautotrophs
  • Chemolithoautotrophs
  • Photoheterotrophs
  • Chemoheterotrophs
2
Q

What is the difference between an Autotroph & a Heterotroph?

A
  • Autotrophs obtain their carbon from the inorganic CO2

- Heterotrophs obtain at least some of their carbon from organic molecules (glucose)

3
Q

What is Photoautotroph?

A

-Many bacteria carrying out photosynthesis using energy from sunlight to build organic molecules from CO2

4
Q

How does Cyanobacteria Photoautotroph?

A
  • They use Chlorophyll-a as the key light-capturing pigment and H2O as an electron donor= releases oxygen gas as a by-product
  • Makes Cyanobacteria oxygenic
  • Also same process for Archeal species
5
Q

What can other bacteria use for Photoautotroph?

A
  • They can use Bacteriochlorophyll as their light-capturing pigment & H2S as an electron donor= leaves elemental sulfur as the by-product
  • They DO NOT produce oxygen (anoxygenic)
6
Q

How does Archeal Species Photoautotroph?

A
  • Same simple mechanisms for Cyanobacteria
  • But involves a single protein= Bacteriorhodopsin= uses energy from light to translocate proteins across the membrane= provides proton motive for ATP synthesis
7
Q

What is Chemolithoautotrophs?

A

-Some prokaryotes obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances

8
Q

How do Nitrifiers Chemolithoautotroph?

A

-They oxidize ammonia or nitrate to obtain energy= produces nitrate that is taken up by plants= Nitrification (plants absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate)

9
Q

What are Photoheterotrophs?

A

-Purple & Green non-sulfur bacteria use light as their source of energy but obtain carbon from organic molecules (alcohols & carbs produced by others)

10
Q

What are Chemoheterotrophs?

A
  • The majority of prokaryotes obtain both carbon atoms & energy from organic molecules
  • Include decomposers, most pathogens, human beings, & nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes
11
Q

What do proteins from gram-negative bacteria have to allow it to attack other cells?

A

-They must have special signal sequences that allow them to pass through the bacterium’s double membrane

12
Q

What is the Type III system?

A

-Is a system that acts like a kind of molecular syringe that allows the pathogen to inject directly into the cytoplasm of the host cells

13
Q

What genes seem more closely related than bacteria themselves?

A
  • The genes that encode for the Type III system
  • These genes are turning up in other gram-negative animal pathogens & plant pathogens
  • These genes are also closely related to those that code for bacterial flagella
14
Q

What are the many diseases of plants associated with?

A
  • A particular Heterotrophic bacteria

- Most bacteria that causes plant diseases are members of the group of rod-shaped gram-negative Pseudomonads

15
Q

What is a well known example of bacterial disease?

A

-Fire Blight= destroys apple & pear trees & related plants

16
Q

How are Plant diseases manifested?

A

-As spots of various sizes on stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits