EXAM 3

Question 1

What is an important characteristic of Secretory Vesicles?

Answer 1

-They fuse w/ the cell membrane during exocytosis

Question 2

What are the important characteristic of Primary Lysosomes?

Answer 2

• They contain hydrolytic enzymes that gotta be segregated from the rest of the cell
• They bud off the Trans Golgi

Question 3

What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?

Answer 3

• It is endocytosis mediated by receptors of LDL

- So it brings LDL’s into the cell

Question 4

What is the role of Chloroplasts?

Answer 4

• They reduce CO2 compounds to make lots of H

- They also have 3 membranes

Question 5

What are the important characteristics of Intermediate Filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 5

• They have the intermediate thickness

- They also form the Nuclear Lamina

Question 6

What is the layer that separates epithelial cells from the rest of the body?

Answer 6

-The basil lamina

Question 7

What is the basil lamina made of?

Answer 7

-Proteins & carbohydrates

Question 8

What does the basil lamina contain that attaches it to the epithelial cells?

Answer 8

-Hemidesmosomes

Question 9

What is the order of the compartments of mitochondria going inside out?

Answer 9

Matrix, inner membrane, intermembrane space, outer membrane

Question 10

What is the permeability of triglycerides due to?

Answer 10

-It is due to the permeability of nonpolar molecules in the phospholipid bilayer

Question 11

What are the characteristics of integral membrane proteins?

Answer 11

• They include channel proteins

- They also contain a transmembrane domain

Question 12

What does the Fluid Mosaic Model state?

Answer 12

-It states that membrane lipids & membrane proteins are free to move around the plane of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 13

What is found in the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

• Phospholipids
• Cholesterol
• Transporter proteins
• Sphingolipids

Question 14

What is Facilitated diffusion?

Answer 14

-It is the movement of molecules through carries or channels down the concentration gradient

Question 15

What will the fatty acids of an organism living in warm temperatures do?

Answer 15

-It will make longer & more saturated fatty acids for its membrane than an organism living in cold temps

Question 16

What are the important characteristics of the Plasmodesmata?

Answer 16

-It connects the cytoplasm & ER of 2 adjacent plant cells

Question 17

What do the equations expressing the 1st & 2nd law of thermodynamics include?

Answer 17

• It includes E at time 1= E in time 2

- And that these equations are only true in isolated systems

Question 18

What is an example of very low entropy?

Answer 18

-A refrigerator separating hot & cold

Question 19

What is the change of Free Energy?

Answer 19

• It is negative for the formation of steam from water at temps lower than 100 degrees celsius
• It is also calculated as ending G minus beginning G

Question 20

What must happen to an endergonic reaction?

Answer 20

-Energy must be supplied to make the reaction happen

Question 21

Why can cells make the products of endergonic reactions?

Answer 21

-Because they couple endergonic & exergonic reactions together

Question 22

What will happen to a reaction w/ a large activation energy?

Answer 22

-It will occur slowly unless it is catalyzed or heated

Question 23

What are the important roles of enzymes?

Answer 23

• They can reduce the height of the activation barrier by stabilizing the transition state
• They can also orient molecules in an ideal direction that is better for reaction