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SPI 1 > Properties of Sound Waves > Flashcards

Properties of Sound Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave where particles move perpendicular to the direction the wave propagates

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2
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave where particles move parallel to the direction the wave propagates

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3
Q

What is compression?

A

When wave molecules are squeezed together

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4
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

When wave molecules are stretched apart

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5
Q

What is pressure?

A

The concentration of force in a certain area

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6
Q

What is density?

A

The mass concentration in a volume

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7
Q

What are the seven acoustic parameters?

A

Period, frequency, amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, and propagation speed.

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8
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

When in-phase waves combine to form one larger wave with a higher amplitude than either component wave

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9
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

When out-of-phase waves combine to form one wave smaller and with less amplitude than at least one component

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10
Q

What is period?

A

The time it takes for the wave to complete one full cycle

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11
Q

What determines period?

A

Sound source

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12
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of particular events that occur in a specific amount of time
US = (cycles per second)

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13
Q

What determines frequency?

A

Sound source

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14
Q

How are period and frequency related?

A

Inversely related

Reciprocals

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15
Q

What is the frequency of infrasound?

A

< 20Hz

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16
Q

What is the frequency of ultrasound?

A

> 20,000 Hz

> 20 kHz

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17
Q

What is the frequency of audible sound?

A

between 20Hz and 20,000Hz

18
Q

What are hertz (Hz)?

A

Units per second

19
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Difference between an acoustic variable’s maximum value and average value

20
Q

What determines amplitude?

A

Initially sound source;

Decreases as sound moves through the body

21
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred or work is performed

22
Q

How are power and amplitude related?

A

Power is proportional to amplitude squared

Power increases by 2, amplitude increases by 4

23
Q

What is intensity?

A

Energy concentration in a sound beam

24
Q

What is the formula for intensity?

A

Intensity = beam power/area

25
Q

How are intensity and power related?

A

Intensity is proportional to power.

Power is doubled, intensity is doubled

26
Q

How are intensity and amplitude related?

A

Intensity is proportional to amplitude squared.

Amplitude doubled, intensity quadrupled

27
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance of one cycle

28
Q

What is the formula for wavelength?

A

Wavelength = propagation speed/frequency

Unit is in length

29
Q

What determines wavelength?

A

The source and medium

30
Q

How are wavelength and frequency related?

A

Inversely

As frequency increases, wavelength decreases

31
Q

What is propagation speed?

A

The rate at which a sound wave travels through a specific medium

32
Q

What determines propagation speed?

A

The medium

33
Q

What is the speed of sound in soft tissue?

A

1540 m/s

1.54 mm/us

34
Q

What is stiffness?

A

An object’s ability to resist compression

35
Q

How does stiffness affect speed?

A

Directly related

The stiffer the material, the faster the sound

36
Q

What is density?

A

The relative weight of a material

37
Q

How does density affect speed?

A

Inversely

The denser the object, the slower the speed

38
Q

What is bulk modulus?

A

Synonym for stiffness

39
Q

Does stiffness or density have a greater effect on speed?

A

Stiffness

40
Q

How does sound speed compare through different mediums?

A

Fastest through solids, slower through liquids, slowest through gases.

SPI 1 (13 decks)

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