Proprioception

Question 1

Specialized receptors for proprioception measure:

Answer 1

posiiton in space with specialize receptors

Question 2

Skin mechanoreceptors

Answer 2

tactile sensation

Question 3

Muscle spindles sense

Answer 3

muscle length

Question 4

golgi tendon organs sense

Answer 4

joint angle and tendon tension

Question 5

Conscious pathways carry proprioception to terminate at the

Answer 5

cerebral cortex- parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex)

Question 6

Un-conscious pathways carry proprioception to terminate at the

Answer 6

cerebellum

Question 7

Propriception cannot be tested if a patient is:

Answer 7

unconscious or paralyzed

Question 8

How can you test proprioception?

Answer 8

during locomotion, gait abnormalities or while standing

Question 9

Where are proprioception tracts located?

Answer 9

superficially located in the peripheral spinal cord

Question 10

what part of the brain integrates afferent information to make a 3 D map of the body in space?

Answer 10

parietal lobe- cerebrum

**somatosensory cortex

Question 11

What are the two primary pathways conscious proprioception info gets toeh brain?

Answer 11

DCML pathway (dorsal column- medial lemniscus and Trigeminal Pathway

Question 12

Trigeminal pathway carries

Answer 12

ascending CP info about our face

Question 13

DCML pathway (dorsal column, medial lemniscus) pathway carries

Answer 13

ascending CP info about our limbs and body

Question 14

Make physiologic changes in relation to body language:

Answer 14

by altering our proprioceptive afferents can alter cortisol, serotonin and endorphins

Question 15

DCML Pathway receptor include:

Answer 15

skin mechanoreceptors
muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

Question 16

What innervates muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs?

Answer 16

mechanoreceptive primary nerve endings

**primary sensory neurons

Question 17

Where are the cell bodies of primary afferent neurons?

Answer 17

in the dorsal root ganglia

Question 18

fasciculus gracilis

Answer 18

from pelvic limb

Question 19

fasciculus cuneatus

Answer 19

from thoracic limb

Question 20

Proprioception Pathway

Answer 20

1. receptor
2. spinal cord segment
3. fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus carry signals
4. Decussation of 2nd order neuron
5. 3rd order neuron carries signal to cerebral cortex

Question 21

Proprioception from facial skin and oral cavity is carried by

Answer 21

Trigeminal nerve

Question 22

Proprioceptive clinical signs include:

Answer 22

gait abnormalities (ataxia), knuckling, draggin or scuffing of toes or failure to pass Conscious propriception tests

Question 23

Postural reaction tests include:

Answer 23

proprioceptive positioning, wheelbarrowing, hopping, hemistanding/hemiwalking, placing(with/without vision)

Question 24

proprioceptive ataxia caused by

Answer 24

a lesion in the proprioceptive pathway( peripheral nerve, dorsal root, spinal cord, brainstem, cerebral cortex)

Question 25

Prprioceptive ataxia clinical signs:

Answer 25

abnormal postural reactions with paresis

Question 26

Vestibular ataxia caused by :

Answer 26

lesion in the vestibular apparatus (vestibular nuclei, CN VIII, or vestibular receptors)

Question 27

Vestibular ataxia clinical signs:

Answer 27

head tilt, leaning/falling/rolling, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, abnormal postural reaction, crouched posture

Question 28

What is normal in a dog with vestibular ataxia?

Answer 28

normal postural reaction with peripheral lesions (No CP deficits)
**NO PARESIS

Question 29

Cerebellar ataxia is caused by a lesion located

Answer 29

in the cerebellum

Question 30

Clinical signs of Cerebellar ataxia:

Answer 30

abnormal rate, range and force of movement; no paresis, wide based stance, intention tremors, truncal sway, nystagmus, etc.

Question 31

What kind of diseases do not cause proprioceptive deficits?

Answer 31

vestibular and cerebellar

Question 32

Why is proprioception vulnerable to injury?

Answer 32

large size of axons and superficial location on the spinal cord

Question 33

If proprioception is lost what sensation is lost next?

Answer 33

motor (voluntary), then pain sensation