prosocial behaviour

Question 1

why do people help - evolutionary perspective

Answer 1

Penner, 2005 - neo darwinism
evolutionary success - survival of genes
humans:
- genetically based predisposition
- inclusive fitness to helping relatives

Question 2

kin selection

Answer 2

Barrett et al, 2002 - help relatives
Burnstein et al, 2014 - help closer kin
Penner, 2005 - reciprocal altruism - help them so they help us (evolutionary success - status and reputation)

Question 3

empathy altruism hypothesis

Answer 3

Batson et al, 1987 - perception > perspective > empathetic concern > altruistic move

personal distress > egoistic motivation > reduce personal distress

Question 4

cognitive model of bystander intervention

Answer 4

Latane and Daly, 1970 - notice incident > interpret > accept personal responsibility for helping > decide what can be done

e.g. Kitty Genovese - no one helped, 1 anonymous phone call
less likely to help when with others than when alone

Question 5

social norms

Answer 5

norms for helping:
- reciprocity principle
- social responsibility

Question 6

process contributing to bystander apathy

Answer 6

• diffusion of responsibility
• audience inhibition
• social influence

Question 7

person factors contributing to bystander apathy

Answer 7

• competence
• mood states
• good mood and guilt > more likely to help