Prostate Male associated malignacies

Question 1

Male associated malignacies (3)

Answer 1

• Prostate cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Penile cancer

Question 2

Prosate galnd spurts (2)

Answer 2

• Puberty
• Age 50

Question 3

Normal prostate size is the size of a

Answer 3

Walnut

Question 4

Function of urethra

Answer 4

Tube that carries urine and semen out of the body (runs through center of prostate)

Question 5

Prostate cancer affects ___% of males over the age of ___

Answer 5

• 65
• 65

Question 6

Prostate cancer is rare before ___ years old

Answer 6

40

Question 7

Prostate cancer most common in ___ ___ (race). ___x more likely to die

Answer 7

-African American
-2

Question 8

___ 1 and 2 mutations can increase risk of proostate cancer

Answer 8

BRCA (1 and 2)

Question 9

___ syndrome can increase Prostate cancer risk

Answer 9

Lynch

Question 10

Prostate cancer less clear risk factors (5)

Answer 10

• Diet
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Chemical exposure
• Vasectomy

Question 11

Early detection methods (3)

Answer 11

• DRE
• PSA
• Screenign (PSA +/- DRE)

Question 12

Early detection methods

Answer 12

• DRE
• PSA
• Screenign (PSA +/- DRE)

Question 13

Screening ages (3)

Answer 13

• 50, average risk expected to live 10 more years
• 45, high risk (african americans), 1 relative with prostate cancer at 65 or earlier
• 40, higher risk, more than 1 degree relative with prostate cancer

Question 14

When Prostate cancer develops PSA level is usaually above

Answer 14

4

Question 15

If PSA more than 10 the percent of having cancer is

Answer 15

over 50%

Question 16

Men with PSA on borderline (4 - 10) have a ___ in ___ chance to have cancer

Answer 16

1 in 4

Question 17

Prostate cancer clinical presentation (4)

Answer 17

• decreased urinary system
• urinary frequency
• difficulty starting urinary stream
• Blood in sperm (dysuria)
• Extensive/ later disease (bone pain, extermeity numbness, bladder incontinence

Question 18

DRE is a test that

Answer 18

feels for any abnormalities or enlargements

Question 19

What is the gleason score

Answer 19

assigns grade based on how much the cells look like normal tissue

Question 20

On gleason score 1 is ___ and 5 is ___

Answer 20

• looks normal
• looks very abnoraml

Question 21

Grade groups are becoming more common to use. Ranges from 1 - 5

Answer 21

• Grade group 1 = gleaseon 6 or less
• Grade group 2 = gleason 3+4=7
• Grade group 3 = gleason 4+3=7
• Grade group 4 = gleason 8
• Grade group 5 = gleason 9-10

Question 22

Prostate cancer prognostic factors (4)

Answer 22

• gleason grading
• DNA analysis
• PSA level
• Predicitve models for organ confined

Question 23

Prostate cancer detection methods (5)

Answer 23

• Abdomincal and pelvic CT scans
• Chest x-ray
• Bone scan
• Liver function tests
• Serum PSA

Question 24

Prostate cancer survival related to (3)

Answer 24

• Stage
• Grade
• Extent of tumor at diagnosis

Question 25

Prostate cancer local disease median survival is

Answer 25

greater than 5 years

Question 26

Prostate cancer metastic disease median survival time

Answer 26

1-3 years (may survive mkrw than 10 years)

Question 27

Treatment ___ can be considered in lower grade

Answer 27

observation

Question 28

Prostate cancer treatment techniques (5)

Answer 28

observation (lower grades only) Surgery (if tumor is limited to prostate) EBRT Brachytherapy Hormonal therapy

Question 29

Prostate cancer external beam side effects (4)

Answer 29

- abdominal cramping - rectal discomfort - rectal bleeding - pain and blood in urine

Question 30

Bracchytherapy: Brachy means ___ Therapy means ___

Answer 30

- short - treatment (short distance treatment)

Question 31

LDR (low dose rate) is referring to doses under ___ Gy/hr

Answer 31

2

Question 32

Medium dose rates range from __ to __ Gy/hr

Answer 32

- 2 - 12

Question 33

HDR (high dose rate) refers to dose rates higher than __ Gy/hr

Answer 33

higher than 12

Question 34

Interstitial applications:

Answer 34

Placement of radioactive source directly into a tumor or tumor bed

Question 35

Intraluminal application:

Answer 35

Placement of radiation sources with body tubes (catheters)

Question 36

Intravascular application are:

Answer 36

Limited in practice and reserved for selected recurrent cases

Question 37

Surface application:

Answer 37

Placement of radioactive sources on top of the area to be treated

Question 38

Prostate brachytherapy LDR (3):

Answer 38

-Radioactive seeds are implanted into prostate by ultrasound guided needles - Anesthesia requires - Rad in pellets exhausted in one year

Question 39

Prostate brachytherapy HDR (3):

Answer 39

- Tubes left in prostate and left in place for a few minutes - May be repeating - Anesthia required

Question 40

Prostate Brachytherapy side effects (4)

Answer 40

- inflammation - swelling - urinary symptoms - erectile dysfunction (rare)

Question 41

Quadrament (samarium 153) (9) - ___ seeking radioisotope - ___ dose to hot area - Can combine with ___ - May cause ___ - Can last ___ to ___ months - Can be ___ - ___ to ___ responce rate - Best for patients with ___ or ___

Answer 41

- bone seeking radioisotope - systemic dose to hot area - can combine with EBRT - may cause flare - can last 3-6 months - can be repeated - 60-75% responce rate - best for patients with multiple or m

Question 42

Management of prostate cancer bone Metastasises (4)

Answer 42

- prevent pain - improve mobility - prevent complications - maintain acceptable quality of life

Question 43

Prostate gland sits below the _______ _______ and in front of the ______

Answer 43

-urinary bladder -rectum

Question 44

**Digital rectal exam (DRE)- feel for _______ as many prostate cancers begin in the ____ part of the gland

Answer 44

-Nodules -Back

Question 45

**DRE should be performed annually on all men over the age of __

Answer 45

50

Question 46

**4 applications of brachytherapy

Answer 46

-Interstitial -Intraluminal -Intracavitary -Surface