Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Define Emotional Intellegence
A
The ability to evaluate, perceive and control emotions
2
Q
What is Gerontology
A
The study of older adults
3
Q
What is an inpatient?
A
Someone who has been admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment
4
Q
What is a outpatient
A
A patient who goes to a health care facility for treatment but does not stay overnight
5
Q
What is patient assessment
A
The evaluation and determination of the status of a patient
6
Q
What is patient autonomy
A
Patients ability and right to make independent decisions regarding medical care
7
Q
Why should a patient understand the purpose of their treatment? (3)
A
- So they show up
- So they ask questions
- So they want to be there
8
Q
Should you discuss rad dose with patients?
A
Yes, they deserve to know all aspects of their treatment
9
Q
Which treatments need a special diet? (5)
A
- Head and neck
- GI
- GU
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
10
Q
How can RT nurses help patients?
A
Inform them of medication options
11
Q
What are the types radiation used in health care (4)
A
- Photon
- Electron
- Proton
- Gamma Knife
12
Q
What are the dose differences (4)
A
- CT
- MRI
- PET
- X-Ray
13
Q
What is horizontal communication
A
Communication between people on the same hierarchical level
14
Q
What is a real world/post grad horizontal communication example
A
Therapist to another therapist or staff
Current would be classmates
15
Q
What is vertical communitcation
A
Communication between different hierarchial levels (your boss)
16
Q
Types of communication (4)
A
- Written
- Verbal
- Visual
- Non-verbal
17
Q
Written communication is
A
Recorded information that can be read by others
18
Q
Example of non-verbalcommunication
A
Nodding head to show that you agree or engaaged in conversation
19
Q
Factors that may impair a patients communication skill are (2)
A
- Grieving
- Emotional Status
20
Q
_____ and ____ communication may vary across different cultures
A
- Verbal
- Non-verbal
21
Q
Communication may differ with different _______, _______ and _______
A
- Cultural beliefs
- Values
- Practices
22
Q
What are the 5 stages of greif
A
- Denial
- Anger
- Barganing
- Depression
- Acceptance
23
Q
When communicating with elderly patients you should
A
Speak loudly and clearly
24
Q
Why should a caretaker be present when giving a patient instructions (2)
A
- They may have dementia
- To ensure best possible PT care
25
What is important to remember for communicaton for adolescents (2)
1. They are building self esteem
2. Maintain as much privacy for the PT as is safe and allowed
26
What should you do/remember when speaking with children?
1. Speak to them on their level
2. Speak in terms they can understand (laymans terms)
3. Make sure the parent is present, but talk to the child
27
What assessments should you make before tranfering a patient (5)
1. Strenght
2. Range of motion
3. Pain
4. Cognitive abilities
5. Movement dysfunctions
28
When tranfering a patient you should always ______ equipment
Stabilize
29
What should you secure before tranfering a patient?
All Lines
1.IV
2. Peripheral/Port,PICC
3. Urinary Catheters
4. Any other drains
30
When in doubt of tranfering a patient you should use a _____
Assistant
31
Always lift patients with your
legs
32
What is independent transfer
Patient needs no assistance with movement or transfer
33
What is partial tranfer
Patient needs some assistance with movement or transfer
34
What is dependant tranfer
Patient needs full assistance with movement or transfer
35
What is standby assistance
Patient can transfer on theor own but may require verbal cues
36
What is close guarding tranfer
Patient can tranfer on their own but has a likelyhood of needing assistance
37
What is contact guarding tranfer
Pateint can tranfer on their own but needs constant contact to ensure saftey
38
What is minimal assistance
When patients can do 75% of the transfer or activity
39
What is moderate assistance
When patients can do 50% of the transfer or activity
40
What is maximum assistance
When patients can do 25% of the transfer or activity
41
When tranfering feet should be at _____ width
shoulder
42
When lifting keep back ____ and ____ at the knees
1. Upright
2. Bend
43
Avoid ____ or ____ when moving a patient
1. Pulling
2. Lifting
44
When moving a patient or heavy object you should ___ or ___
1. Roll
2. Push
45
The point at which body weight is balanced is known as ____ or ____
1. Center of gravity
2. Body weight
46
Where is the body center of gravity located?
S2/ Mid portion of pelvis
47
Equipment used for pateint tranfers are (5)
1. Wheel Chairs
2. Stretchers
3. Hydraulic Lift
4. Gait Belts
5. Sliding Board
48
What angle should a wheel chair be when moving a patient to the table?
45 degrees
49
What is the weigh capacity for hydraulic lifts
450lbs
50
________ acts as a supporting bridge when seated slide tranfers are preformed
Sliding boards
51
When postioning patients pads can be placed under what body prominces (3)
1. Sacrum
2. Heels
3. Mid thoracic curvature
52
Lordotic =
Concave
53
Kyphotic =
convex
54
Vital signs that are part of PT assessement include (4)
1. Blood Pressure
2. Pulse
3. respiration
4.Tempature
55
In Rad oncology when will a patient have their vitals taken
Weekly when the visit with the doctor
56
___ is the blance between heat produced on body tissue and heat loss to the environment
Body Tempature
57
The ___ controls body tempature
Hypothalamus
58
Factors that can change body tempature include (8)
1. Environment
2. Time of day
3. Age
4. Weight
5. Hormone Levels
6. Physical activity
7. Disease
8. Injury
59
Normal body tempature for adults 14 and over is
97.8 - 98.6 F
60
A patient whos body tempature is elevated above normal levels is said to have a ___. Aka ___.
1. Fever
2. Pyrexia
61
As body tempature increases so does the demand of ___
Oxygen
62
A person can die when body temp goes above ___ to ___
105.8 - 111.2 F
63
A person can die when body temp goes below ___
93.2 F
64
What are the 4 areas of the body to measure temp
1. Mouth
2. Ear (tympanic)
3. rectum (Anal)
4. Armpit (Axillary)
65
What is the most relaible site to take temp?
rectal
66
9 locations to measure pulse
1. Apical
2. Radial
3. Carotid
4. Femoral
5. Popliteal
6. Temporal
7. Dorsalis Pedis
8. Posterior Tibial
9. Brachial
67
Apex of the heart is called
Apical
68
Carotid =
Neck
69
Femoral =
Groin
70
Popliteal =
Posterior knee
71
Temporal =
front of ear
72
Dorsalis pedis =
top of foot
73
Posterior tibial =
inner side of ankle
74
Brachial =
groove of elbow
75
Avg. adult pulse rate
60 - 90 BPM
76
Abnormally rapid heart rate is called
Trachycardia (over 100 bpm)
77
Abnormally slow heart rate is called
Bradycardia
78
Which pulse is most convient to take on an adult
Radial pulse
79
How long should you wain when taking a pulse
1 minute
80
Function of the ___ is to exchange o2 and co2
respitory system
81
Avg. adult respiration is
15 - 20 breath/min
82
Blue tint to skin is know as
Cyanosis
83
Another work for shortness of breath
Dyspnea
84
Blood ____ affects its resistance to flow
viscosity
85
Blood pressure depends on (5)
1. Peripheal resistance
2. Pumping action of heart
3. Blood voulme
4. Blood viscosity
5. Velles wall elasticity
86
The amount of resistance of blood flow when ejected from the left ventricle (Systole) is known as
Blood pressure
87
Other factors that can change blood pressure (6)
1. Age
2. Weight
3. Temp
4.Disease
5. Excercise
6. Stress
88
Why is blood pressure higher when taken by a doctor
the stress of knowing blood pressure is being taken raises blood pressure
89
Normal BP range for adults systolic and dystolic
1. 110 - 140
2. 60 -80
90
A patient with higher than normal systolic and dystolic blood pressure is said to be
Hypertensive
91
A patient with lower than normal systolic and dystolic blood pressure is said to be
Hypotensive
92
2 types of bp equipment are
1. Sphygmomanometer
2. Stethoscope
93
When taking BP the first sound u hear is ___ pressure and the second is ___ Pressure
1. Systolic
2. Diastolic
94
Patents legs should ___ ___ ___ when taking BP
Not be crossed
95
Percentage of patients who did not die from cancer during a certain period of time after diagnosis is called
Disease specific survival
96
Percentage of cancer patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis compared to those who do not have cancer is called
Relative survival
97
Percentage of patients with a specific of cancer and stage who did not die from any cause during a period of time after diagnosis is called
overall survival
98
Percentage of patients who have no signs of cancer after treatment is called
Disease free survival
99
Legal document that states how you want medical decisions to me made in event that you can not
Advanced directive
100
What are the 3 types of advanced directives
1. Mediacl power of attorney
2. Directive to physicans
3. DNR
101
Document that lets others make medical decsions for you if you are unable to
Medical power of Attorney
102
Document that allows you to state your wishes about medical care in terminal and irreversiable condition cases
Directive to physicians
103
Document states that you do not want to be resuscitated
Out of hospital DNR
104
Where do you check if a patient is DNR
Charts
105
Hospice maily focuses on ___ ___ ___ for patients
Quality of life
106
T/F hospice is usually started late for oncology patients
T
107
_____ is the lack of proper nutrition
malnutrition
108
Three types of malnutrition are
1. Starvation
2. Chronic disease
3. Acute disease
109
Ex of starvation - pure chronic starvation
Anorexia nervosa
110
Ex of chronic disease - related malnutriton (2)
1. Organ failure
2. Pancreatic cancer
111
Ex of acute disease - injury related (4)
1. Major burns
2. Closed head injury
3. Trauma
4. Infection
112
Six indicators of malnutrition
1. Insufficent energy intake
2. Weight loss
3. Loss of muscle mass
4. Local fluid accumilation
5. Decreased functional status (hand grip strenght test)
113
_____ is the loss of appetite or desire to eat
Anorexia
114
____% - ____% of cancer patients have anorexia at diagnosis
15% - 25%
115
Anorexia can be a ____ ____ of treatment or secondary to the tumor itself
Side effect
116
Chemo and radiation can worsen anorexia due to (3)
1. Taste change
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
117
___ and ___ can make anorexia worse and lead to malnutrition
1. Anxiety
2. Depresion
118
Progressive wasting syndrome is called
Cachexia
119
Progressive wasting sighns
Significant loss of body fat and muscle
120
What can increase risk of cachexia
GI tract tumors
121
Sever muscle depletion is called
Sarcopenia
122
Patients with lower skeletal muscle indes at diagnosis typicall have a ___ prognosis
worse
123
Patients with sarcopenia have a lower survial rate when undergoing ___
Chemotherapy
124
Sacropenia is thought to occure in ___% of patients with advanced stage cancer
50%
125
Patients undergoing rad therapy with sarcopenia can experience these 3 things
1. Treatment initerruptions
2. Dose reductions
3. Increased side effects
126
Head and neck patients may require a ____ for nutritional support
PEG tube (enteral nutrition)
127
Besides head and neck patients may require a ___ for nuritional support
Intravenous infusion of nutrients (parental nutrition)
128
What does PEG stand for and what is it
1. Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy
2. Feeding tube
129
A patient my need a PED if they can't (2)
1. Cant swallow
2. Get all nutrition by mouth
130
Karnofsky Performance scale 100 is
Normal
No complaints
No evidence of disease
131
Karnofsky Performance scale 90 is
Able to do normal activity
Minor signs of disease
132
Karnofsky Performance scale 80 is
Able to do normal with effort activity
some signs of disease
133
Karnofsky Performance scale 70 is
Unable to do normal activity
Cares for self
134
Karnofsky Performance scale 60 is
Requires some assistance but able to care for most of needs
135
Karnofsky Performance scale 50 is
Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care
136
Karnofsky Performance scale 40 is
Disabled
Requires special care and assistance
137
Karnofsky Performance scale 30 is
Severly disabled
Hospital admission is indicated
Death not imminent
138
Karnofsky Performance scale 20 is
Very sick
Hospital admission necessary
139
Karnofsky Performance scale 10 is
Morinund
Fatal processes
140
Karnofsky Performance scale 0 is
Dead
141
Any substance that alters physical function is a ___
drug
142
___ is administered with therapeutic intent
Medication
143
T/F All medications are drugs, but not all drugs are medications
T
144
Seven rights of drug safty
1. Right patient
2. Right Medication
3. Rigth dose
4. Right time
5. Right rout
6. Right documentation of delivery
7. Right reason or indication
145
What are the responsibilities of a therpaist is an emergency (3)
1. Call a code
2. Deliver O2 and perform CPR
3. Know location of emergency supplies
146
Most common contrast used in GI exams
Barium Sulfate
147
What are 2 administration routs for barium sulfate
1. Oral
2. rectal
148
Baruim sullfate coats the lining of
Alimentary Organs
149
Barium sufate absorbs x-rays, so it creats high levels of ___
Contrast
150
Barium sulfate requires additives to ___ ___ and ___ ___
1. Facilliate ingestion
2. Prevent clumping
151
If barium irritates the colon, what does that cause?
Cramping
152
Barium can cause a rare disease called known as ___ (fluid overload) or ___ ___ where there is an excess of fluid volume in blood
1. Hypervolemia
2. Pulmonay edema
153
___% of people have some sort of reaction to contrast
54%
154
Routs of druf admisinstration (4)
1. Oral
2. Rectal
3. Parenteral
4. Mucous membrance
