protein

Question 1

what is the definition for protein

Answer 1

any class of nitrogen organic compounds which have large molecules composed of one or more long chain of amino acids, and are an essential part of all organisms

Question 2

name a function of contractile protein

Answer 2

actin and myosin in a muscle

Question 3

what is includes in a basic building block of a protein

Answer 3

20 different type of amino acids

Question 4

what does the indispensable categories of amino acid mean

Answer 4

essential
n=9

Question 5

what does the dispensable categories of amino acid mean

Answer 5

non-essential
n=5

Question 6

what does the conditionally indispensable categories of amino acid mean

Answer 6

n=6

Question 7

what is a the primary structure of a protein determined by

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

what is a the secondary structure of a protein determined by

Answer 8

weak electrical attraction within polypeptides, provides strength and rigidity

Question 9

what is a the tertiary structure of a protein consist of

Answer 9

polypeptide chain twist and folds: side groups attracted = intricate shape

Question 10

what is a the quaternary structure of a protein interaction with

Answer 10

between multiple polypeptides e.g. haemoglobin

Question 11

the different levels of protein structure only important within the organism not in the diet, why?

Answer 11

because for food your are just trying to absorb amino acids into the body

Question 12

according to the NRV what % intake of energy from protein are you recommended

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

what are the top 3 main sources where we get our protein from

Answer 13

Bread, poultry, milk

Question 14

what is protein quality mean

Answer 14

How good?

Question 15

what does protein quality lead to

Answer 15

essential amino acids digestibility

Question 16

what is protein quantity

Answer 16

how much?

Question 17

what does protein quantity lead to

Answer 17

minimum or more proportional to body weight

Question 18

what meal do we usually have most of our protein

Answer 18

dinner

Question 19

what is a amino acid pool and do we need to equally distribute our protein intake through the day

Answer 19

the amount of protein that you have and can reach in and grab some protein when you need it through out the day - because of this you don’t need to equally distribute your protein intake

Question 20

what is a limiting amino acid

Answer 20

when essential amino acids is not provided in adequate amount in the diet, protein synthesis is limited to the rate at which the essential amino acid is available

Question 21

what do essential amino acids then become

Answer 21

limiting amino acids

Question 22

how is limiting amino acids like a rain barrel

Answer 22

it limits how much protein synthesis is used because the amino acid don’t provide it with the right amount it needs in the diet. Just like when a rain barrel fills up it has reached its capacity point

Question 23

what is a problem with protein quality

Answer 23

quality is superior, but these foods don’t always improve the quality of the diet or health
e.g. meat has high saturated fat

Question 24

what is a problem of protein quality and traditional scoring system

Answer 24

they favour animal protein as they test a single food - eat a range of plant protein throughout the day gives you essential amino acids

Question 25

what does it mean by complementary proteins

Answer 25

combine foods together to get whole amount of protein in a meal - complement each other in a meal

Question 26

T/F what you eat over the ay is more important than what you eat in just one meal

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what do you have to take into consideration when determining protein quality

Answer 27

essential amino acids, digestibility and environmental impacts

Question 28

what are is the outline of protein digestion

Answer 28

chewing > physical and chemical digestion > food in stomach (HCl & pepsin)> pancreatic and intestinal proenzyme > proenzymes activated by enteropeptidase

Question 29

what are is the outline of protein digestion

Answer 29

chewing > physical and chemical digestion > food in stomach (HCl & pepsin)> pancreatic and intestinal proenzyme > proenzymes activated by enteropeptidase

Question 30

proenzymes activated by

Answer 30

enteropeptidase

Question 31

for protein metabolism what are peptides broken down to

Answer 31

amino acids in enterocytes

Question 32

where is amino acids transported to ... via ....

Answer 32

liver via hepatic portal vein

Question 33

what are indispensable amino acids able to do

Answer 33

shift things around - transamination

Question 34

what are the four possible fats for amino acid when it joins amino acid pool

Answer 34

1. used to make a dispensable AA 2. oxidised for energy 3. used to make a new protein 4. used to make other compounds

Question 35

if energy intake is a requirements then what will it be converted to

Answer 35

energy, protein and fat

Question 36

if energy intake exceeds what would the 5th possible fate for amino acids when joined to amino acid pool

Answer 36

amino acids can turn fat

Question 37

what is food hypersensitivity

Answer 37

allergy and reaction to foods

Question 38

what 3 things does food hypersensitivity include

Answer 38

1. food aversion 2. food intolerance 3. food allergy

Question 39

what is food aversion

Answer 39

psychologically based food avoidance - no reactions if food is hidden

Question 40

what is an example of food aversion

Answer 40

getting food poisoning and vomiting, so the next time you see the food you are disgusted by it

Question 41

what is food intolerance

Answer 41

any abnormal, non-psychologically mediated reaction to food

Question 42

what is an example of food intolerance

Answer 42

lactose intolerance (refusing to eat dairy)

Question 43

what is food allergy

Answer 43

group of disorders characterised by abnormal or exaggerated reproducible responses to specify food protein

Question 44

what is an example of food allergy

Answer 44

cane be allergic to cow milk by not lactose intolerant

Question 45

what is igE mediated reaction

Answer 45

rapid onset, involves skin, GIT, respiratory tract - response to food - IgE antibodies

Question 46

what is IgE medication reaction

Answer 46

symptoms results in hour-days, difficult to assess in clinical setting - doesn't involve IgE antibodies

Question 47

what is vegetarian diet

Answer 47

a person you doesn't eat meat or fish by eats dairy

Question 48

if a person eats dairy but not meat of fish what diet do they have

Answer 48

lacto-vegetarian

Question 49

if a person doesn't not eat any animal foods with animal products or may avoid the use of animal product what diet will they be having

Answer 49

vegan

Question 50

how common is vertarianism in NZ

Answer 50

5% vegetarian 1% vegan

Question 51

what are natural sources of protein

Answer 51

animal (meat, fish, dairy), plant protein (legumes, cereals)

Question 52

what are manufactured sources of protein

Answer 52

plant-based alternatives, "cultured meat"

Question 53

what are the key findings of the RCT protein content of weight gain etc during overeating study

Answer 53

- eating more energy than you need = gain body fat - little protein in diet = reduction in lean body mass - recommendation of protein 10-35% USA or 15-25% NZ