vitamins/ minerals

Question 1

what are some examples of water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B vitamin and vitamin C

Question 2

what are some examples of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

vitamin A, D, E, k

Question 3

what is the absorption of water soluble vitamins

Answer 3

directly into the blood

Question 4

what is the absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 4

first lymph then blood

Question 5

what is the transport of water soluble vitamin

Answer 5

travel freely

Question 6

what is the transport of fat soluble vitamin

Answer 6

protein carriers

Question 7

what is the storage for water soluble vitamin

Answer 7

circulates freely in aqueous

Question 8

what is the storage for fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

cells

Question 9

what is the excretion for water soluble vitamins

Answer 9

easily

Question 10

what is the excretion for fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

reamin in fat storage cites - so less readily available

Question 11

what is the toxicity for both water and fat soluble vitamins

Answer 11

possible from supplements

Question 12

what is the intake time for water soluble vitamin

Answer 12

day 1-3

Question 13

what is the intake for fat soluble vitamin

Answer 13

weeks to months

Question 14

what is the role of water soluble vitamins in energy metabolism and what vitamin is most important

Answer 14

involved in enzymes with energy release and storage
B vitamins

Question 15

when are folate (b9)supplements recommended

Answer 15

for pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects

Question 16

what cured men who had scurvy

Answer 16

oranges and limes = vitamin C

Question 17

if someone had small skin hemorrhages around hair follicules, largeer bruises in muscles, internal hemorrhages then what deficiency would this be

Answer 17

vitamin C

Question 18

what is the main form od vitaminC

Answer 18

L-ascorbic acid, reduced form

Question 19

the rich food sources of vitamin C is

Answer 19

fruit and vegetables - including potaotos

Question 20

where is the vitamin C absorbed

Answer 20

small intestine by active transport

Question 21

what is vitamin A a generic term that describe what

Answer 21

retinol and related structures and the pro-vitamin A carotenoid

Question 22

what doe retinoids include

Answer 22

retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid

Question 23

what are plant pigments - e.g. what makes plants colourful

Answer 23

carotenoids
- acts as antioxidants

Question 24

what is the activity of retinol described as

Answer 24

retinol equivalent

Question 25

1 RE = how many beta-carotene

Answer 25

6

Question 26

what are the main functions that vitamins help with the body

Answer 26

eye (healthy corneas, vision), reproduction, growth, health of epithelial tissue and skin, immunity

Question 27

what are the two roles of vitamin A w/ vision

Answer 27

1, key component of visual cycle 2. health of epithelial cell

Question 28

11 cis retinal is a component of chromophore found in two types of light receptors what are these

Answer 28

rod cells, cone cells

Question 29

what intensity of the light are the rod cells

Answer 29

low light intensity

Question 30

what intensity of light are cone cells

Answer 30

higher light and colour

Question 31

the 2nd role of vitamin A w/ vision is health of epithelial cells why is this important

Answer 31

retinoic acid needs to keep eye moist because the first sign of vitamin A defiency is dry eyes

Question 32

what is the spot called if you have a dry eye

Answer 32

bitot spot

Question 33

what does lack of vitamin A cause

Answer 33

night blindness - inability to see light

Question 34

what are good sources of retinoids

Answer 34

liver milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, some fatty fish

Question 35

what are some good sources of carotenoids

Answer 35

dark leafy vegetables yellow, orange colours vegetables and fruit

Question 36

what is keratinisation

Answer 36

symptom of vitamin A deficiency - changes in epithelial cell and rough , dry, and scaly skin

Question 37

how can vitamin A and beta-carotene toxicity occur w/ concentrated amount of pre formend vit A from

Answer 37

animal foods or supplements

Question 38

Birth defects (teratogen), acute: variety but can cause deathm chrinic: variety of effects, discolouration of skin from beta-carotene are symptoms of what

Answer 38

vitamin A toxicity

Question 39

where is vitamin K found

Answer 39

found in green plants

Question 40

what re the main functions of vitamin K

Answer 40

blood cloting, bone metabolism, inflammation, prevents oxidative damage in brain

Question 41

deficiency and toxicity from diet is rare what vitamin is this talking about

Answer 41

vitamin K

Question 42

what are the functions of vitamin E

Answer 42

soluble antioxidant, stabilises cell membrane, protects plasma lipoprotein from oxidative dmage

Question 43

what are some sources of vitamin E in foods

Answer 43

green leafy vegetables, whole grain foods, polyunsaturated, nuts and seeds

Question 44

for vitamine A, beta-carotene and cancer scientific rational from observational studies shows

Answer 44

inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer

Question 45

what can B vitamin niacin defiency cause

Answer 45

dementia

Question 46

what can a lack of vitamin D cause

Answer 46

retard bone growth

Question 47

what does B vitamin folate help prevent

Answer 47

birth defects